Founder

Olivier Desbarres

Exacting. Excellent. Exceeding. Exemplary.

4X Global Research

4X Global Research was founded in 2017 to provide institutional and corporate clients with the substantive research, high-quality analysis and thoughtful insight on Emerging and G20 economies and financial markets they need to make informed and timely decisions and gain an edge in their investments.

FX & Rates

Global FX volatility – as measured by the 5-day Standard Deviation (SD) in the daily percentage change in the spot (closing) price of a turnover-weighted basket of 32 major currency pairs against the US Dollar – remains depressed by historical standards.While global FX volatility rose slightly on 11th August to about 0.32 SD following the release of US CPI-inflation data, it is still well below its level one month ago (0.43 SD) and 10-year average (0.47 SD). Notably global FX volatility is at a similar level (0.30 SD) as it was in the run-up to the 16th June Fed meeting and release of a more hawkish FOMC “<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/fomcprojtabl20210616.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dot-chart</a>”.Volatility versus the US Dollar in most of these 32 developed and EM currencies has either fallen in the past month from already modest levels or been broadly stable. Volatility in the high-yielding Brazilian Real and low-yielding Canadian Dollar, Czech Crown, Norwegian Krone and Hungarian Forint has fallen the most in absolute terms. However, there have been a few notable exceptions, including the Turkish Lira, Thai Baht and Chilean, Colombian and Philippines Pesos.USD/THB volatility has risen further in past month and is now near top end of its admittedly narrow 12-month range. The Baht has been choppy against a strong US Dollar, resulting in the Baht NEER appreciating 1.4% since the multi-year low recorded on 6th August.GBP/EUR volatility is currently at its lowest level since early June. Sterling’s appreciation against the Euro has been slow and steady, in line with our expectations. Volatility in global FX (and the S&amp;P 500) also remains very modest compared to volatility in other asset classes, notably US Treasuries and Brent crude oil (see Figure 5). Most of the price action has been in the US rates market in recent months, perhaps unsurprisingly given protracted debate about the timeline for Fed tapering and rate hikes.There are a number of factors behind this low transmission from US rates to Dollar crosses and equities but, as was the case in late-2019, FX markets are ultimately pricing in very little risk of policy, macro data or geopolitical surprises, in our view.

Global FX volatility – as measured by the 5-day Standard Deviation (SD) in the daily percentage change in the spot (closing) price of a turnover-weighted basket of 32 major currency pairs against the US Dollar – remains depressed by historical standards.While global FX volatility rose slightly on 11th August to about 0.32 SD following the release of US CPI-inflation data, it is still well below its level one month ago (0.43 SD) and 10-year average (0.47 SD). Notably global FX volatility is at a similar level (0.30 SD) as it was in the run-up to the 16th June Fed meeting and release of a more hawkish FOMC “dot-chart”.Volatility versus the US Dollar in most of these 32 developed and EM currencies has either fallen in the past month from already modest levels or been broadly stable. Volatility in the high-yielding Brazilian Real and low-yielding Canadian Dollar, Czech Crown, Norwegian Krone and Hungarian Forint has fallen the most in absolute terms. However, there have been a few notable exceptions, including the Turkish Lira, Thai Baht and Chilean, Colombian and Philippines Pesos.USD/THB volatility has risen further in past month and is now near top end of its admittedly narrow 12-month range. The Baht has been choppy against a strong US Dollar, resulting in the Baht NEER appreciating 1.4% since the multi-year low recorded on 6th August.GBP/EUR volatility is currently at its lowest level since early June. Sterling’s appreciation against the Euro has been slow and steady, in line with our expectations. Volatility in global FX (and the S&amp;P 500) also remains very modest compared to volatility in other asset classes, notably US Treasuries and Brent crude oil (see Figure 5). Most of the price action has been in the US rates market in recent months, perhaps unsurprisingly given protracted debate about the timeline for Fed tapering and rate hikes.There are a number of factors behind this low transmission from US rates to Dollar crosses and equities but, as was the case in late-2019, FX markets are ultimately pricing in very little risk of policy, macro data or geopolitical surprises, in our view. 

Low Global FX Vol: Maturity or Complacency?

Founder & Chief Market Strategist - SAV Markets, SAV Markets

Shyam Devani

Founder & Chief Market Strategist - SAV Markets

The recent moves higher in US long end yields, when coupled with a stable equity market environment (US), are likely to continue to support USDJPY and probably JPY crosses. USDJPY is strong above 110.70. Nearly all JPY crosses have something that points towards higher levels. AUDJPY and NZDJPY both posted bullish outside days. GBPJPY shows a decent bullish setup but we need to see a break through the 153.50 area. The 5+ figure correction down on EURJPY since June also looks to be over just when we trade at notable levels on EURUSD .While we are still waiting for breaks to be confirmed on many of these crosses, the emerging setups &amp; price action all highlight the risk of higher levels ahead.

The recent moves higher in US long end yields, when coupled with a stable equity market environment (US), are likely to continue to support USDJPY and probably JPY crosses. USDJPY is strong above 110.70. Nearly all JPY crosses have something that points towards higher levels. AUDJPY and NZDJPY both posted bullish outside days. GBPJPY shows a decent bullish setup but we need to see a break through the 153.50 area. The 5+ figure correction down on EURJPY since June also looks to be over just when we trade at notable levels on EURUSD .While we are still waiting for breaks to be confirmed on many of these crosses, the emerging setups &amp; price action all highlight the risk of higher levels ahead.

US Treasury yields and the Dollar, perhaps unsurprisingly, have risen in the wake of today’s strong US labour market report. However, we think it would be a stretch to argue that markets have “hard-baked” in their view that the Federal Reserve will announce its tapering plans potentially as early as the Jackson Jackson Hole Symposium on 26-28 August. A case perhaps of once bitten twice shy and for good reason in our view.We have been moderately bullish the GBP/EUR cross since late-June and the cross briefly traded above 1.18 this afternoon, its strongest level since February 2020. We maintain a positive outlook in the remainder of Q3. The Kiwi Dollar has been the fourth strongest major currency since the Federal Reserve’s policy meeting on 16th June. The Kiwi Dollar NEER has so far in August appreciated about 0.9%, confounding historical patterns which on average in 2010-2019 saw the currency weaken 0.9% in the month of August. However, the currency may not fare quite as well in Q4, in our view – the theme of our next FIRMS report.Conversely, the Thai Baht has underperformed but it’s not just been a tourism issue.

US Treasury yields and the Dollar, perhaps unsurprisingly, have risen in the wake of today’s strong US labour market report. However, we think it would be a stretch to argue that markets have “hard-baked” in their view that the Federal Reserve will announce its tapering plans potentially as early as the Jackson Jackson Hole Symposium on 26-28 August. A case perhaps of once bitten twice shy and for good reason in our view.We have been moderately bullish the GBP/EUR cross since late-June and the cross briefly traded above 1.18 this afternoon, its strongest level since February 2020. We maintain a positive outlook in the remainder of Q3. The Kiwi Dollar has been the fourth strongest major currency since the Federal Reserve’s policy meeting on 16th June. The Kiwi Dollar NEER has so far in August appreciated about 0.9%, confounding historical patterns which on average in 2010-2019 saw the currency weaken 0.9% in the month of August. However, the currency may not fare quite as well in Q4, in our view – the theme of our next FIRMS report.Conversely, the Thai Baht has underperformed but it’s not just been a tourism issue.

Cross Asset Strategy

Developments over the past 24 hours have meant that US 10Y breakeven is now at its highest for more than a month. Importantly the level highlighted yesterday at 2.38% has given way. The setup now argues for a move to 2.55% - close to the trend highs seen in MayUnless nominal yields rise by more than 15bps, real yields are either going to stay unchanged at low levels or move even lower into negative territory, as they have started to do again todayAt the same time developments in China’s equity markets remain bearish which is now beginning to feed through to the currency.With Chinese and European authorities both on the dovish side, is this the time for the Fed to stay on the fence or be hawkish? Instead, could a dovish Fed provide the trigger for a weakening USD (perhaps ex USDCNH) and ultimately a rise in Gold?

Developments over the past 24 hours have meant that US 10Y breakeven is now at its highest for more than a month. Importantly the level highlighted yesterday at 2.38% has given way. The setup now argues for a move to 2.55% - close to the trend highs seen in MayUnless nominal yields rise by more than 15bps, real yields are either going to stay unchanged at low levels or move even lower into negative territory, as they have started to do again todayAt the same time developments in China’s equity markets remain bearish which is now beginning to feed through to the currency.With Chinese and European authorities both on the dovish side, is this the time for the Fed to stay on the fence or be hawkish? Instead, could a dovish Fed provide the trigger for a weakening USD (perhaps ex USDCNH) and ultimately a rise in Gold?

In the past fortnight US Treasury yields across the maturity spectrum have oscillated in reasonably wide ranges, with the highs coinciding with the release on 13th July of US CPI-inflation data. The shape of the yield curve today is almost the same as it was on 8th July.The US rates market has tentatively found its feet, for now at least – tentatively because volatility remains reasonably high both in terms of yield levels and yield spreads. The pace of Dollar NEER appreciation has also slowed and volatility remains low while the S&amp;P 500 and Brent crude oil price have been choppy in multi-week ranges.The inverse correlation between the Dollar NEER and S&amp;P 500 has somewhat broken down so far this month. We estimate that since 28th June the S&amp;P 500 and Dollar NEER have respectively gained about 1.8% and 1.2%. In that sense the Dollar has not traded like a “safe-haven” asset, at least not in the purest sense of the term in our view.  Instead the appreciation in the Dollar NEER since 10th June has largely coincided with the flattening of the 2s-10s Treasury curve.Finally, the relative performance of major currencies does not clearly point to either “risk-on” or “risk-off” having prevailed, in our view. Since the 36-month low in the Dollar NEER on 10th June, weighted-baskets of EM currencies (excluding Renminbi) and developed market currencies have both depreciated about 3% versus the US Dollar.Our overall take is that US (and global) markets in recent weeks can neither be categorised as “risk-on” or “risk-off”. Instead it has been a case of “what is the risk?”. Specifically we think markets are still weighing whether i) they should be more concerned about a potential slowdown in US and global growth or CPI-inflation remaining sticky at high levels and ii) how central banks will adjust monetary policy, in terms of their QE programs and outlook for policy rate hikes (an arguably granular picture at present). Macro data point to rapid global economic growth having slowed in June (but remained positive) and we will elaborate on our outlook in the next FIRMS report.

In the past fortnight US Treasury yields across the maturity spectrum have oscillated in reasonably wide ranges, with the highs coinciding with the release on 13th July of US CPI-inflation data. The shape of the yield curve today is almost the same as it was on 8th July.The US rates market has tentatively found its feet, for now at least – tentatively because volatility remains reasonably high both in terms of yield levels and yield spreads. The pace of Dollar NEER appreciation has also slowed and volatility remains low while the S&amp;P 500 and Brent crude oil price have been choppy in multi-week ranges.The inverse correlation between the Dollar NEER and S&amp;P 500 has somewhat broken down so far this month. We estimate that since 28th June the S&amp;P 500 and Dollar NEER have respectively gained about 1.8% and 1.2%. In that sense the Dollar has not traded like a “safe-haven” asset, at least not in the purest sense of the term in our view.  Instead the appreciation in the Dollar NEER since 10th June has largely coincided with the flattening of the 2s-10s Treasury curve.Finally, the relative performance of major currencies does not clearly point to either “risk-on” or “risk-off” having prevailed, in our view. Since the 36-month low in the Dollar NEER on 10th June, weighted-baskets of EM currencies (excluding Renminbi) and developed market currencies have both depreciated about 3% versus the US Dollar.Our overall take is that US (and global) markets in recent weeks can neither be categorised as “risk-on” or “risk-off”. Instead it has been a case of “what is the risk?”. Specifically we think markets are still weighing whether i) they should be more concerned about a potential slowdown in US and global growth or CPI-inflation remaining sticky at high levels and ii) how central banks will adjust monetary policy, in terms of their QE programs and outlook for policy rate hikes (an arguably granular picture at present). Macro data point to rapid global economic growth having slowed in June (but remained positive) and we will elaborate on our outlook in the next FIRMS report.

Not “risk-On” or “risk-Off”, Rather What’s the Risk?

United States

The US dollar is the official currency of the United States of America.

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Low Global FX Vol: Maturity or Complacency?

Global FX vol is low by historical standards and relative to vol in US Treasuries, and for good resason. But FX markets are pricing in very little...

Olivier Desbarres

FX: JPY Crosses Ready to Move?

Rising yields and stable equities are providing support for USDJPY. JPY crosses are increasingly looking bullish though breaks are yet to be confirmed

Shyam Devani

FX Focus: USD, GBP, NZD and THB

US yields and USD have risen following strong US labour mkt report but still not clear markets expect Fed to announce tapering plans in coming...

Olivier Desbarres

Bonds & FX: Here Comes Trouble

US real yields are likely to remain at trend lows or move even deeper into negative territory. With China and Europe both dovish, is the Fed going...

Shyam Devani

Not “risk-On” or “risk-Off”, Rather What’s the Risk?

Rates and equity markets have settled in broad ranges in past 2 weeks and pace of USD appreciation has slowed. Markets are rightly weighing growth...

Olivier Desbarres

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