Senior Credit Analyst, Lucror Analytics

Leonard Law, CFA

Senior Credit Analyst

High Yield Experts

Lucror Analytics

Lucror Analytics is a leading credit and ESG research specialist and a provider of technology solutions for differentiated fixed income strategies. Our roots are in bottom-up fundamental credit analysis with a specialization in high yield corporate credits from Europe, Asia and Latin America. We are one of few research specialists integrating ESG considerations with fundamental credit research through a dedicated ESG platform. Our ESG assessment covers five key criteria: Disclosure, E,S, & G Pillars, Controversies, ESG Impact on Credit and ESG Momentum.

Recognizing the importance and value-add of Factor Investing in fixed income, Lucror developed the Smart Quant Navigator (SQN), an intuitive platform that helps clients devise and implement factor-based strategies ranging from pure quant to active fundamental, with integrated ESG.

Our company has been at the forefront of developments in the fixed income markets, identifying opportunities and consistently delivering new products and value-adding solutions to clients. Lucror has close relationships with the largest and most reputable asset managers, family offices, hedge funds, investment and wealth managers globally.

Credit

Lucror Analytics Morning Views comprise our fundamental credit analysis, opinions and trade recommendations on high yield issuers in the region, based on key company-specific developments in the past 24 hours. Our Morning Views include a section with a brief market commentary, key market indicators and a macroeconomic and corporate event calendar.<ul><li><a href='#lucror-entity-8039'>Bayan Resources</a></li><li><a href='#lucror-entity-479'>Evergrande Real Estate Group</a></li><li><a href='#lucror-entity-26799'>Future Retail Ltd</a></li></ul>

Lucror Analytics Morning Views comprise our fundamental credit analysis, opinions and trade recommendations on high yield issuers in the region, based on key company-specific developments in the past 24 hours. Our Morning Views include a section with a brief market commentary, key market indicators and a macroeconomic and corporate event calendar.Bayan ResourcesEvergrande Real Estate GroupFuture Retail Ltd

Morning Views Asia: Bayan Resources, Evergrande Real Estate Group, Future Retail Ltd

Pan-Asia Index Rebalances/ Events/ Delta One, Periscope Analytics

Brian Freitas

Pan-Asia Index Rebalances/ Events/ Delta One

Event-Driven

Hang Seng China Enterprises Index / Event-Driven

Most Chinese companies will announce their half yearly results in the next couple of weeks. Some will announce their interim dividends as well.With most of the dividends for 2021 having already gone ex, we see little upside/downside in the HSCEI 2021 dividend futures contract.The HSCEI 2022 dividend futures are another story though. There are a lot of potential events that could change the fair value of the futures. Taking into account all the changes expected to take place by the December rebalance, we see the current dividend futures market trading around 6 index points higher than our fair value. In terms of future events, we find a lot more potential negative catalysts as compared to positive catalysts.We recommend selling the HSCEI 2022 dividend futures at 245 or higher (equivalent to around -25 on the HSCEI 2021/22 dividend steepener) and buying the dividend futures at 230 or lower. These estimates will change as the CNYHKD fx rates move around and some of the catalysts come to pass.

Most Chinese companies will announce their half yearly results in the next couple of weeks. Some will announce their interim dividends as well.With most of the dividends for 2021 having already gone ex, we see little upside/downside in the HSCEI 2021 dividend futures contract.The HSCEI 2022 dividend futures are another story though. There are a lot of potential events that could change the fair value of the futures. Taking into account all the changes expected to take place by the December rebalance, we see the current dividend futures market trading around 6 index points higher than our fair value. In terms of future events, we find a lot more potential negative catalysts as compared to positive catalysts.We recommend selling the HSCEI 2022 dividend futures at 245 or higher (equivalent to around -25 on the HSCEI 2021/22 dividend steepener) and buying the dividend futures at 230 or lower. These estimates will change as the CNYHKD fx rates move around and some of the catalysts come to pass.

HSCEI Dividend Futures: Fair Value & Catalysts Point to Downside for 2022

Pan-Asia Catalysts/Events, Quiddity Advisors

David Blennerhassett

Pan-Asia Catalysts/Events

Quiddity Advisors

Last Week in Event SPACE: SOHO China, Evergrande, Kerry Logistics, Milton, CBA, NTT

Chief Economist

Diana Choyleva

Enodo Economics

Enodo Economics is an independent macroeconomic forecasting company that untangles complexity, challenges the consensus, and makes sense of the future. Our focus is on China – one of the most misunderstood economies in the world, but one of the most important to figure out.  Enodo’s chief economist, Diana Choyleva, has been analysing China for almost 20 years, while Enodo’s team boasts a combined 140 years’ experience covering China’s economy, politics and markets. 

Macroeconomics

<h2>China News That Matters</h2><ul>
<li>Beijing expands regulatory control</li>
<li>Canadians sentenced in Huawei-related cases</li>
<li>The latest on Evergrande</li>
<li>Get ready for the next Olympics, sooner than ever</li>
<li>Nope, pick another song to sing</li>
</ul><ul style="list-style-type: none;"><li><div class="content-remarks">In my weekly digest China News That Matters, I will give you selected summaries, sourced from a variety of local Chinese-language and international news outlets, and highlight why I think the news is significant. These posts are meant to neither be bullish nor bearish, but help you separate the signal from the noise.</div></li></ul>

China News That Matters
Beijing expands regulatory control
Canadians sentenced in Huawei-related cases
The latest on Evergrande
Get ready for the next Olympics, sooner than ever
Nope, pick another song to sing
In my weekly digest China News That Matters, I will give you selected summaries, sourced from a variety of local Chinese-language and international news outlets, and highlight why I think the news is significant. These posts are meant to neither be bullish nor bearish, but help you separate the signal from the noise.

Rule of Law/ Rule by Law/ Evergrande/ Olympics/ Karaoke

Travis Lundy

Evergrande is manifesting itself now in a state not dissimilar to a famous Cat from the thought experiment devised by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935 in his discussion with Albert Einstein regarding the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen ("EPR") article (designed to show that quantum mechanics theory was incomplete) earlier that year. 
What the now-famous Mr Schrödinger intended as a modest proposal of sorts (he had no desire to see live and dead cats discussed as a theory) has become a mainstay of popular understanding of quantum mechanics. 
The basic idea was a refutation of the then-dominant <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-copenhagen/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Copenhagen Interpretation</a> (the name applied to a group of ideas discussed and promoted by Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Arnold Sommerfeld, and others). Schrödinger's idea was that one could create a quantum superposition (i.e. Evergrande alive, and Evergrande dead) making the outcome dependent on a quantum particle which was in a superposition (i.e. banks are simultaneously being told not to lend, and to lend). Schrödinger's point about the cat was to show that it was kind of ridiculous having the cat be both alive and dead at the same time, but the analogy stuck. 
Backing up a bit, one problem discovered early in the process of studying quantum mechanics was that one could not simultaneously observe and measure an electron and determine its momentum (so as to be able to catch it later and re-measure). The problem is known as the Measurement Problem. Some of the math around understanding the concept is in that related to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which provides the math about accuracy and certainty. This was part of Bohr's universe of knowledge in the late 1920s and at the time, Bohr's thought was that the cause of some of the uncertainty of future electron momentum was the impact of the measurement apparatus. After the EPR paper, Bohr decided that the states of the apparatus and that which was being measured could not be separated, and instead were a single dynamic of inseparable form. 
It is important to note that the Uncertainty Principle is not the same as the Observer Effect which suggests that measurement of certain systems cannot be made without affecting the system. Heisenberg and later Bohr used the OE as a physical reason why quantum uncertainty existed. 
<div class="content-highlight">
How is this related to Evergrande? 
Well, any analyst looking to discuss Evergrande and Schrödinger's Cat, even if doing so using Hugh Everett's "Many Worlds" Interpretation is going to put the rest of it below the fold. 
</div>
But first some news...
<h3>The NEW News</h3>
On 9 August, I wrote the latest in my series on <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-evergrande-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande Real Estate Group (3333 HK)</a> in <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/evergrande-s-room-for-manoeuvre-a-question-of-confidence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande's Room for Manoeuvre - A Question of Confidence</a>. This had followed discussion of financing difficulties and buybacks, ratings cuts, etc in <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/evergrande-s-very-special-special-dividend" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande's Very Special... Special Dividend?</a> and others. 
There is ongoing news/suggestion of Evergrande negotiating the sale of its 55 urban renewal projects in Shenzhen, where local media suggest that potential buyers include a couple of subsidiaries of Shenzhen's SASAC (including Shenzhen Investment Holdings Ltd). This process, perhaps worth RMB 120bn as some media suggests, has been ongoing for months but more news is coming out.
Since Monday, we have had headlines about <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-evergrande-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande Real Estate Group (3333 HK)</a> selling all or part of its stakes in <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-evergrande-new-energy-vehicle-group-ltd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande Auto (708 HK)</a> (which itself <a href="https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2021/0809/2021080901359.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">came out with a profit warning</a> on 9 Aug) and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/evergrande-property-services" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Evergrande Property Services (6666 HK)</a> under pressure from Beijing, with one local HK <a href="https://inews.hket.com/article/3029626/%E3%80%90%E6%81%92%E5%A4%A73333%E3%80%91%E5%82%B3%E8%90%AC%E7%A7%91%E3%80%81%E7%A2%A7%E6%A1%82%E5%9C%92%E8%88%87%E6%81%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E6%A5%AD%E5%9B%A0%E5%83%B9%E6%A0%BC%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E6%9C%AA%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B1%E8%AD%98%E3%80%80%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E6%94%B6%E8%B3%BC%E3%80%80%E6%81%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E6%A5%AD%E8%B7%8C%E9%80%BE7-%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report</a> suggesting the entire services business could go to Vanke. Caixin suggested there were negotiations between Evergrande and others, including Vanke, CoGard, Shenzhen Metro, China Jinmao, and others, with Vanke reportedly leading the combined efforts. Shares and USD bonds of Evergrande popped. Also the units popped in price, with Evergrande Property Services rising 60% from Monday's lows to Wednesday's highs, and Evergrande Auto rising 40% from low to high. 
It is possible that the rises in both were caused by significant short-covering. The shorts in the shares (314mm as of 30 July according to SFC data) are not quite 25% of the Real World Float. The CNY bonds - <a href="http://www.szse.cn/disclosure/listed/bulletinDetail/index.html?a45f8727-1d71-43ed-af73-7bb11aeb8033" target="_blank" rel="noopener">restricted to QIB-equivalents since Monday</a> - continued to fall. 
Reuters additionally <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/debt-laden-evergrande-says-sale-talks-certain-assets-shares-jump-2021-08-11/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> that according to corporate search engine Tianyancha, Evergrande had pledged its holdings in Xinjiang Guanghui Industry Investment and Evergrande Life Insurance to Shengjing Bank at the end of July (and I remind readers that bank regulators have effectively instructed the local govt to Do Something about the fact that Evergrande owns a large stake in and may quasi-control <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/shengjing-bank-co-ltd-h" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Shengjing Bank Co Ltd H (2066 HK)</a>, and a large portion of its loans are to Evergrande (noting also that Shengjing was fined in the past couple of months for lending too much to real estate projects)).  
Late Wednesday REDD reported (and Bloomberg followed up) that Beijing had ordered the local Guangzhou government to coordinate with creditors and strategic investors (and speed things up to avoid systemic risk). There was also mention that Evergrande's debt "should be resolved via a "market-oriented" approach." 
Out Thursday early it was said that three banks had agreed to extend the maturity of loans out to Evergrande. China Minsheng Banking, China Zheshang Banking, and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank had apparently agreed to the extensions. Specifically, Zheshang apparently agreed to push repayment to year end for two loans due in July and August (i.e. one of them was already expected to have been repaid (and wasn't?)) according to a Bloomberg <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-12/evergrande-gets-loan-extensions-from-several-major-creditors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a>. 
Thursday afternoon, state media China National Radio, work had been halted on two projects in Kunming, one of them with overdue payments of RMB 210 million (China Yicai <a href="https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/evergrande-stock-drops-further-as-yunnan-housing-projects-are-halted-over-unpaid-dues" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a>).
Late Thursday, it was reported that Vanke and Country Garden had removed themselves from negotiations on Evergrande Property Services because of differences on price. Personally, I think Evergrande Auto (708) may be unsellable. 
A WSJ <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/evergrandes-enormous-bill-finally-comes-due-11628761706?mod=djemheard_t" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commentary</a> by columnist Jacky Wong noted there are ever more stories about trade payables not getting paid, and counterparts refusing to take commercial acceptance bills. 
And very late Thursday there were <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/china-halts-approvals-for-new-residential-real-estate-funds" target="_blank" rel="noopener">articles</a> that China had halted private equity firms from raising money to invest in residential property developments. The govt-endorsed Asset Management Association of China (AMAC) apparently told private equity firms that it would not accept new registrations for funds to invest in projects, and would reject the applications already in. Existing funds would not be affected. While not a direct hit to Evergrande, what it means is this particular avenue for being able to sell down project assets is no longer a possibility.
Discussion of how to read between the lines of the news, and Evergrande's existence as a quantum mechanical phenomenon continues below the fold.

Evergrande is manifesting itself now in a state not dissimilar to a famous Cat from the thought experiment devised by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935 in his discussion with Albert Einstein regarding the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen ("EPR") article (designed to show that quantum mechanics theory was incomplete) earlier that year. 
What the now-famous Mr Schrödinger intended as a modest proposal of sorts (he had no desire to see live and dead cats discussed as a theory) has become a mainstay of popular understanding of quantum mechanics. 
The basic idea was a refutation of the then-dominant Copenhagen Interpretation (the name applied to a group of ideas discussed and promoted by Neils Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Arnold Sommerfeld, and others). Schrödinger's idea was that one could create a quantum superposition (i.e. Evergrande alive, and Evergrande dead) making the outcome dependent on a quantum particle which was in a superposition (i.e. banks are simultaneously being told not to lend, and to lend). Schrödinger's point about the cat was to show that it was kind of ridiculous having the cat be both alive and dead at the same time, but the analogy stuck. 
Backing up a bit, one problem discovered early in the process of studying quantum mechanics was that one could not simultaneously observe and measure an electron and determine its momentum (so as to be able to catch it later and re-measure). The problem is known as the Measurement Problem. Some of the math around understanding the concept is in that related to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which provides the math about accuracy and certainty. This was part of Bohr's universe of knowledge in the late 1920s and at the time, Bohr's thought was that the cause of some of the uncertainty of future electron momentum was the impact of the measurement apparatus. After the EPR paper, Bohr decided that the states of the apparatus and that which was being measured could not be separated, and instead were a single dynamic of inseparable form. 
It is important to note that the Uncertainty Principle is not the same as the Observer Effect which suggests that measurement of certain systems cannot be made without affecting the system. Heisenberg and later Bohr used the OE as a physical reason why quantum uncertainty existed. 

How is this related to Evergrande? 
Well, any analyst looking to discuss Evergrande and Schrödinger's Cat, even if doing so using Hugh Everett's "Many Worlds" Interpretation is going to put the rest of it below the fold. 

But first some news...
The NEW News
On 9 August, I wrote the latest in my series on Evergrande Real Estate Group (3333 HK) in Evergrande's Room for Manoeuvre - A Question of Confidence. This had followed discussion of financing difficulties and buybacks, ratings cuts, etc in Evergrande's Very Special... Special Dividend? and others. 
There is ongoing news/suggestion of Evergrande negotiating the sale of its 55 urban renewal projects in Shenzhen, where local media suggest that potential buyers include a couple of subsidiaries of Shenzhen's SASAC (including Shenzhen Investment Holdings Ltd). This process, perhaps worth RMB 120bn as some media suggests, has been ongoing for months but more news is coming out.
Since Monday, we have had headlines about Evergrande Real Estate Group (3333 HK) selling all or part of its stakes in Evergrande Auto (708 HK) (which itself came out with a profit warning on 9 Aug) and Evergrande Property Services (6666 HK) under pressure from Beijing, with one local HK report suggesting the entire services business could go to Vanke. Caixin suggested there were negotiations between Evergrande and others, including Vanke, CoGard, Shenzhen Metro, China Jinmao, and others, with Vanke reportedly leading the combined efforts. Shares and USD bonds of Evergrande popped. Also the units popped in price, with Evergrande Property Services rising 60% from Monday's lows to Wednesday's highs, and Evergrande Auto rising 40% from low to high. 
It is possible that the rises in both were caused by significant short-covering. The shorts in the shares (314mm as of 30 July according to SFC data) are not quite 25% of the Real World Float. The CNY bonds - restricted to QIB-equivalents since Monday - continued to fall. 
Reuters additionally reported that according to corporate search engine Tianyancha, Evergrande had pledged its holdings in Xinjiang Guanghui Industry Investment and Evergrande Life Insurance to Shengjing Bank at the end of July (and I remind readers that bank regulators have effectively instructed the local govt to Do Something about the fact that Evergrande owns a large stake in and may quasi-control Shengjing Bank Co Ltd H (2066 HK), and a large portion of its loans are to Evergrande (noting also that Shengjing was fined in the past couple of months for lending too much to real estate projects)).  
Late Wednesday REDD reported (and Bloomberg followed up) that Beijing had ordered the local Guangzhou government to coordinate with creditors and strategic investors (and speed things up to avoid systemic risk). There was also mention that Evergrande's debt "should be resolved via a "market-oriented" approach." 
Out Thursday early it was said that three banks had agreed to extend the maturity of loans out to Evergrande. China Minsheng Banking, China Zheshang Banking, and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank had apparently agreed to the extensions. Specifically, Zheshang apparently agreed to push repayment to year end for two loans due in July and August (i.e. one of them was already expected to have been repaid (and wasn't?)) according to a Bloomberg article. 
Thursday afternoon, state media China National Radio, work had been halted on two projects in Kunming, one of them with overdue payments of RMB 210 million (China Yicai article).
Late Thursday, it was reported that Vanke and Country Garden had removed themselves from negotiations on Evergrande Property Services because of differences on price. Personally, I think Evergrande Auto (708) may be unsellable. 
A WSJ commentary by columnist Jacky Wong noted there are ever more stories about trade payables not getting paid, and counterparts refusing to take commercial acceptance bills. 
And very late Thursday there were articles that China had halted private equity firms from raising money to invest in residential property developments. The govt-endorsed Asset Management Association of China (AMAC) apparently told private equity firms that it would not accept new registrations for funds to invest in projects, and would reject the applications already in. Existing funds would not be affected. While not a direct hit to Evergrande, what it means is this particular avenue for being able to sell down project assets is no longer a possibility.
Discussion of how to read between the lines of the news, and Evergrande's existence as a quantum mechanical phenomenon continues below the fold.

Evergrande as a Study of Quantum Mechanics Theory

China

China Evergrande Group is an integrated residential property developer. The Company, through its subsidiaries, operates in property development, investment, management, finance, internet, health, culture, and tourism markets.

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Evergrande (3333 HK)

Morning Views Asia: Bayan Resources, Evergrande Real Estate Group, Future Retail Ltd

Lucror Analytics Morning Views comprise our fundamental credit analysis, opinions and trade recommendations on high yield issuers in the region,...

Lucror Analytics

HSCEI Dividend Futures: Fair Value & Catalysts Point to Downside for 2022

We see around 6 points of downside on the HSCEI 2022 dividend futures from the last traded price. There are more negative catalysts for the 2022...

Brian Freitas

Last Week in Event SPACE: SOHO China, Evergrande, Kerry Logistics, Milton, CBA, NTT

The weekend is here! Pour yourself a coffee, grab a comfortable seat, and sift through a brief summary of insights on various events discussed...

David Blennerhassett

Rule of Law/ Rule by Law/ Evergrande/ Olympics/ Karaoke

In my weekly digest, I will give you selected summaries, sourced from a variety of local Chinese-language and international news outlets, and...

Diana Choyleva

Evergrande as a Study of Quantum Mechanics Theory

Evergrande is a case study in the applicability of quantum mechanical theory to limit cases of corporate existence. What we see is not the cat. We...

Travis Lundy

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