Research from Water Tower Research, Water Tower Research

Water Tower Research

Research from Water Tower Research

Water Tower Research is a leading equity research firm that provides research on micro, small and mid cap companies.

Water Tower Research was founded by Wall Street veterans after witnessing a fundamental shift in the investment research industry with the result being a declining knowledge base among investors, a lack of awareness and a shrinking pool of fundamental research being conducted on companies across the small-cap and micro-cap spectrum. The same issues are now increasingly occurring in the mid-cap space. This sea change within the investment community is impacting not only the companies themselves but also current shareholders and potential investors. With significantly less active sell-side sponsorship by Wall Street, a substantial information gap has developed between companies and various constituents in the financial community. The net result is fewer channels for insight and information to flow between companies and investors.

Equity Research Firm

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

<h3>KEY HIGHLIGHTS</h3>
<div></div>
<ul>
<li>WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;The markets reversed their direction last week, with both the S&amp;P 500 and Russell 2000 declining 3.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Our WTR-CMI index lost a more modest 1.1% of its value and continued to outperform the broader markets, despite a 17% drop in AVNT on disappointing guidance. The weaker outlook was also behind MTRN’s 16% loss and ECL’s 14.6% loss. NVGT, KOP, and FMC saw their stocks improve 12.2%, 10.3%, and 5.5%, respectively, on better guidance.</li>
<li>Auto build recovery continues, driven by NEVs.&nbsp;Major European economies saw accelerating Y/Y growth off easier year-ago comps in October, with both France and&nbsp;Germany&nbsp;posting double-digit gains. While sales of ICE and diesel vehicles in Europe declined 3-4% Y/Y in 3Q22, BEV sales grew 22%, as did hybrid vehicle sales (up 7%),&nbsp;with new energy vehicles (NEVs) representing 43% of new vehicles sold in the quarter. Despite Y/Y growth reemerging over the last two to three months, semiconductor shortages continue to affect the OEMs’ abilities to meet demand, a situation that is expected to persist into 2023, causing us to remain cautious on companies in our index with high exposure to autos and transportation, including PPG, AXTA, AVNT, FUL, and HXL among others.</li>
<li>AVD finds another biologics partner.&nbsp;AVD continues to expand its capabilities in bio-based crop inputs by&nbsp;partnering with NewLeaf Symbiotics, a private company with a proprietary microbial library and a commercial soil inoculant.</li>
<li>LAC to split.&nbsp;LAC announced it will split into two companies—one focused on developing its Argentinian lithium resources, while the other will continue to concentrate on developing its Nevada reserves, allowing for more efficient capital deployment and decoupling of the Nevada project from earlier-stage LATAM operations.</li>
<li>Paints &amp; coatings market growth projected.&nbsp;Despite the weak automotive market and signs of trouble in several construction markets, the paints &amp; coatings industry is still projected to grow at a healthy 7.6% CAGR (2021-2027), according to a Research and Markets report. SHW and RPM appear most likely to benefit from this growth, with PPG and AXTA possibly being longer-term plays once automotive headwinds subside.</li>
</ul>
<h3>WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE</h3>
<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/308/410/original/image_83389467661667954181693.png?1667954183" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="308410"></figure>
<div class="content-remarks">
<p>Source: YCharts as of November 4 close</p>
</div>
<h2>Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag</h2>
<p>Some good news for farmers.&nbsp;Driven by slower-than-expected sales ahead of the 2022-23 planting season, higher potash inventories have led to declining potash prices recently, causing Nutrien (NYSE: NTR) to&nbsp;lower its 4Q22 outlook. While demand for next year is expected to recover from end of season weakness, as Belarusian and Russian potash exports decline from 2021 levels and inventory overhang is depleted, US and LATAM farmers may have a chance to lock in lower fertilizer prices in the current environment. Higher energy prices are continuing to support higher nitrogen fertilizer prices heading into the new crop season. However, these same prices are providing a strong incentive for looking at, if not adopting, new innovative technologies. One such promising technology is&nbsp;on-site production of nitrogen, with lower CO2 emissions versus conventional production, lower transportation-related environmental costs, and lower energy costs due to the employment of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels.</p>
<p>Drought takes a bite out of winter wheat.&nbsp;With 75% of winter wheat acres in the US experiencing some level of drought, the USDA’s first crop rating of the season came in at only 28% of the crop rated good to excellent, with 35% rated poor to very poor. The last time they were this low was in the drought year of 2012 at 40% of the crop rated good to excellent. With the expected decline in wheat exports from Russia and Ukraine this year and uncertainty over Ukraine’s harvest next year, wheat production is taking on added importance, with the domestic winter wheat harvest being an important bridge to next year’s LATAM and EMEA harvests. The impact of drought on crop performance and expectations that drought conditions may be a longer-term phenomenon, adoption of drought-resistant seeds, such as HB4 seeds being marketed by Bioceres (NASDAQ: BIOX), may accelerate and expand to other geographies, which should help BIOX continue to outperform expectations, as it integrates the recently acquired Marrone Bio Solutions. Speaking of Ukraine, the country’s government is&nbsp;planning to revamp its legislation around GMOs, which it currently prohibits planting, but which are nonetheless being used by farmers, with crops sold on the black market. While it’s not clear if new legislations will bolster enforcement of the ban, modify, or remove it, given the abundance of new scientific evidence on the efficacy of GMOs that has been generated since the 2007 ban was originally implemented, opening the Ukrainian market to GMO wheat and corn may be a real possibility, which would be a positive for seed companies, such as CTVA, and wheat seed experts like BIOX.</p>
<h2>Energy Technology &amp; Battery Technology</h2>
<p>Price and supply dynamics in rare earths look a little different from other new energy critical materials.&nbsp;Rare earth mineral demand is rapidly evolving as the market shifts from one driven by hard disk drives, optical disc drives, consumer electronics, automotive micromotors, sensors, and loudspeakers to one driven by EV motors, wind power generators, and other energy-efficient motors, pumps, and compressors. As demand accelerates, prices are going up to previously unseen levels, given that the rare earth market, like so many others, is&nbsp;dominated by China, whose mining and production infrastructure appear inadequate to meet the expected demand. As with other metals and materials whose demand inflected as a result of growth of alternate energy infrastructure, new sources of rare earths are being sought. Japan, whose semiconductor industry has in the past been held hostage to Chinese political machinations, is actively exploring the possibility of&nbsp;exploiting undersea rare earth deposits&nbsp;off the coast of its Ogasawara Islands, with active work beginning next April and potential production in five years. While one government is looking to explore all possible avenues to bridge the expected supply gap in energy-critical materials, despite these operations closely mimicking onshore mining practices, with potentially sizable environmental impact, another deep-sea mining technology, which involves the collection of polymetallic nodules off an ocean floor and appears to result in significantly lower environmental impact, is being opposed by another government (Germany) on the grounds of insufficient data related to the ocean floor environmental impact. The two cases exemplify the current state of affairs in the global energy transformation trend, with one government pragmatically approaching the reality of supply and demand and another government acting out a self-contradictory political agenda.</p>
<p>Chinese dominance will take years and billions to overcome.&nbsp;Despite lacking its own natural resources from lithium to nickel to graphite, China has emerged over the last 10 years as a dominant processor of these metals and minerals into products required by the battery and alternative energy industries, thereby coming to dominate the new energy supply chain, in a way OPEC+ could only dream of. Fortunately, the world is waking up to the fact of its dependence on an authoritarian and expansionist regime for the economic transition that global governments want to drive in the name of climate change. Unfortunately,&nbsp;it will be years&nbsp;before this dominance is reduced to acceptable levels, as despite billions of dollars being allocated to developing domestic supply chains by both governments and private enterprise, self-contradictory government policies, such as permitting and environmental regulations around mining and production, and activist lawsuits are both delaying and increasing the cost of establishing alternative sources of critical materials in sufficient quantities to materially change the balance of market power when it comes to regional production.</p>
<p>Copper joins the list of metals about to experience a supply gap.&nbsp;While we often talked about the frenzied pace of exploration and development of new lithium supplies, as well as those of graphite, cobalt, and nickel, a widely used industrial metal like copper seemed to be in a better position when it comes to meeting the anticipated increase in demand as the world continues to shift toward electric motors and renewable energy generation. However, as a&nbsp;recent report&nbsp;pointed out, the reality may be much different, as the pending copper supply shortage may be difficult to address, given historically low permitting and approvals of new mine projects and insufficient capital investments being made by industry participants to expand production beyond current levels.</p>
<h2>Chemicals &amp; Materials</h2>
<p>Commodity prices and demand.&nbsp;Plastic resin prices, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), appear to be&nbsp;settling after declines off mid-year peaks, suggesting that further easing of raw material costs for companies such as AVNT may have to wait for further economic slowdown, suggesting AVNT’s margins may not recover as rapidly as hoped for, without additional pricing actions, which would be difficult to realize in a slowing demand environment. As petrochemical raw materials used by other companies in our index, such as resins for paints, coatings, adhesives and sealants, surfactants, lubricants, as well as other intermediates, tend to track commodity resin prices, similar caution may be warranted—Y/Y margin compression may persist well into 2023 and lower margins tend to drive lower valuation multiples of companies in our space, despite growth in sales or profit dollars. Slowing economic activity is also&nbsp;affecting the steel market, where volumes continue to decline Y/Y. This trend may accelerate over the next three to six months as Europe and possibly North America enter a full-fledged recession with the accompanying destruction of economic activity. This would be a negative for companies such as EAF and MTX, who supply consumables into the global steel making industry.</p>
<h2>Rating and Price Target Changes</h2>
<p>ALB –&nbsp;Credit Suisse raised its price target (PT) to $200 from $196 but reiterated its Underperform rating; UBS lowered its PT to $297 from $308 and maintained its Neutral rating; CFRA raised its PT to $308 from $295 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.</p>
<p>AVNT –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $35 from $40 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.</p>
<p>CTVA –&nbsp;Credit Suisse raised its PT to $74 from $72 and reiterated its Outperform rating; CFRA raised its PT to $70 from $61 but maintained its Hold rating.</p>
<p>ECL –&nbsp;CFRA lowered its PT to $158 from $160 but upgraded the stock from Sell to Hold; Deutsche Bank downgraded the stock to Hold from Buy and lowered its PT to $135 from $165; Mizuho Securities lowered its PT to $158 from $178 and maintained its Neutral rating.</p>
<p>EMN –&nbsp;Mizuho Securities lowered its PT to $88 from $91 and maintained its Neutral rating; KeyBank lowered its PT to $98 from $111 and reiterated its Overweight rating.</p>
<p>FMC –&nbsp;UBS raised its PT to $142 from $140 and reiterated its Buy rating; Credit Suisse raised its PT to $112 from $105 and reiterated its Underperform rating; CFRA raised its PT to $125 from $120 and maintained its Hold rating; KeyBank raised its PT to $139 from $122 and reiterated its Overweight rating; RBC raised its PT to $135 from $133 and reiterated its Outperform rating.</p>
<p>HXL –&nbsp;BMO lowered its PT to $61 from $66 and maintained its Market Perform rating.</p>
<p>LTHM –&nbsp;CFRA lowered its PT to $31 from $33 and maintained its Hold rating; Deutsche Bank raised its PT to $30 from $27 and maintained its Hold recommendation.</p>
<p>MTRN –&nbsp;KeyBank lowered its PT to $90 from $94 and reiterated its Overweight recommendation.</p>
<h2>Recent Reports and Future Events</h2>
<p>TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Fireside Chat: Chairman &amp; CEO Gerard Barron and CFO Craig Shesky, November 16, 2022, at 10:00 am EST</p>
<p>TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Initiation of Coverage – Tapping Untapped Resource to Address Unmet Need</p>
<p>Westwater Resources, Inc. (WWR) – Company Update Report – Steady Progress Deserves a Closer Look</p>
<h3>DISCLOSURES</h3>
<div></div>
<p>Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.<br><br>WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.<br><br>Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.<br><br>Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.<br><br>In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.<br><br>The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.<br><br>The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.<br><br>All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.</p>

KEY HIGHLIGHTS


WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;The markets reversed their direction last week, with both the S&amp;P 500 and Russell 2000 declining 3.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Our WTR-CMI index lost a more modest 1.1% of its value and continued to outperform the broader markets, despite a 17% drop in AVNT on disappointing guidance. The weaker outlook was also behind MTRN’s 16% loss and ECL’s 14.6% loss. NVGT, KOP, and FMC saw their stocks improve 12.2%, 10.3%, and 5.5%, respectively, on better guidance.
Auto build recovery continues, driven by NEVs.&nbsp;Major European economies saw accelerating Y/Y growth off easier year-ago comps in October, with both France and&nbsp;Germany&nbsp;posting double-digit gains. While sales of ICE and diesel vehicles in Europe declined 3-4% Y/Y in 3Q22, BEV sales grew 22%, as did hybrid vehicle sales (up 7%),&nbsp;with new energy vehicles (NEVs) representing 43% of new vehicles sold in the quarter. Despite Y/Y growth reemerging over the last two to three months, semiconductor shortages continue to affect the OEMs’ abilities to meet demand, a situation that is expected to persist into 2023, causing us to remain cautious on companies in our index with high exposure to autos and transportation, including PPG, AXTA, AVNT, FUL, and HXL among others.
AVD finds another biologics partner.&nbsp;AVD continues to expand its capabilities in bio-based crop inputs by&nbsp;partnering with NewLeaf Symbiotics, a private company with a proprietary microbial library and a commercial soil inoculant.
LAC to split.&nbsp;LAC announced it will split into two companies—one focused on developing its Argentinian lithium resources, while the other will continue to concentrate on developing its Nevada reserves, allowing for more efficient capital deployment and decoupling of the Nevada project from earlier-stage LATAM operations.
Paints &amp; coatings market growth projected.&nbsp;Despite the weak automotive market and signs of trouble in several construction markets, the paints &amp; coatings industry is still projected to grow at a healthy 7.6% CAGR (2021-2027), according to a Research and Markets report. SHW and RPM appear most likely to benefit from this growth, with PPG and AXTA possibly being longer-term plays once automotive headwinds subside.

WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE


Source: YCharts as of November 4 close

Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag
Some good news for farmers.&nbsp;Driven by slower-than-expected sales ahead of the 2022-23 planting season, higher potash inventories have led to declining potash prices recently, causing Nutrien (NYSE: NTR) to&nbsp;lower its 4Q22 outlook. While demand for next year is expected to recover from end of season weakness, as Belarusian and Russian potash exports decline from 2021 levels and inventory overhang is depleted, US and LATAM farmers may have a chance to lock in lower fertilizer prices in the current environment. Higher energy prices are continuing to support higher nitrogen fertilizer prices heading into the new crop season. However, these same prices are providing a strong incentive for looking at, if not adopting, new innovative technologies. One such promising technology is&nbsp;on-site production of nitrogen, with lower CO2 emissions versus conventional production, lower transportation-related environmental costs, and lower energy costs due to the employment of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels.
Drought takes a bite out of winter wheat.&nbsp;With 75% of winter wheat acres in the US experiencing some level of drought, the USDA’s first crop rating of the season came in at only 28% of the crop rated good to excellent, with 35% rated poor to very poor. The last time they were this low was in the drought year of 2012 at 40% of the crop rated good to excellent. With the expected decline in wheat exports from Russia and Ukraine this year and uncertainty over Ukraine’s harvest next year, wheat production is taking on added importance, with the domestic winter wheat harvest being an important bridge to next year’s LATAM and EMEA harvests. The impact of drought on crop performance and expectations that drought conditions may be a longer-term phenomenon, adoption of drought-resistant seeds, such as HB4 seeds being marketed by Bioceres (NASDAQ: BIOX), may accelerate and expand to other geographies, which should help BIOX continue to outperform expectations, as it integrates the recently acquired Marrone Bio Solutions. Speaking of Ukraine, the country’s government is&nbsp;planning to revamp its legislation around GMOs, which it currently prohibits planting, but which are nonetheless being used by farmers, with crops sold on the black market. While it’s not clear if new legislations will bolster enforcement of the ban, modify, or remove it, given the abundance of new scientific evidence on the efficacy of GMOs that has been generated since the 2007 ban was originally implemented, opening the Ukrainian market to GMO wheat and corn may be a real possibility, which would be a positive for seed companies, such as CTVA, and wheat seed experts like BIOX.
Energy Technology &amp; Battery Technology
Price and supply dynamics in rare earths look a little different from other new energy critical materials.&nbsp;Rare earth mineral demand is rapidly evolving as the market shifts from one driven by hard disk drives, optical disc drives, consumer electronics, automotive micromotors, sensors, and loudspeakers to one driven by EV motors, wind power generators, and other energy-efficient motors, pumps, and compressors. As demand accelerates, prices are going up to previously unseen levels, given that the rare earth market, like so many others, is&nbsp;dominated by China, whose mining and production infrastructure appear inadequate to meet the expected demand. As with other metals and materials whose demand inflected as a result of growth of alternate energy infrastructure, new sources of rare earths are being sought. Japan, whose semiconductor industry has in the past been held hostage to Chinese political machinations, is actively exploring the possibility of&nbsp;exploiting undersea rare earth deposits&nbsp;off the coast of its Ogasawara Islands, with active work beginning next April and potential production in five years. While one government is looking to explore all possible avenues to bridge the expected supply gap in energy-critical materials, despite these operations closely mimicking onshore mining practices, with potentially sizable environmental impact, another deep-sea mining technology, which involves the collection of polymetallic nodules off an ocean floor and appears to result in significantly lower environmental impact, is being opposed by another government (Germany) on the grounds of insufficient data related to the ocean floor environmental impact. The two cases exemplify the current state of affairs in the global energy transformation trend, with one government pragmatically approaching the reality of supply and demand and another government acting out a self-contradictory political agenda.
Chinese dominance will take years and billions to overcome.&nbsp;Despite lacking its own natural resources from lithium to nickel to graphite, China has emerged over the last 10 years as a dominant processor of these metals and minerals into products required by the battery and alternative energy industries, thereby coming to dominate the new energy supply chain, in a way OPEC+ could only dream of. Fortunately, the world is waking up to the fact of its dependence on an authoritarian and expansionist regime for the economic transition that global governments want to drive in the name of climate change. Unfortunately,&nbsp;it will be years&nbsp;before this dominance is reduced to acceptable levels, as despite billions of dollars being allocated to developing domestic supply chains by both governments and private enterprise, self-contradictory government policies, such as permitting and environmental regulations around mining and production, and activist lawsuits are both delaying and increasing the cost of establishing alternative sources of critical materials in sufficient quantities to materially change the balance of market power when it comes to regional production.
Copper joins the list of metals about to experience a supply gap.&nbsp;While we often talked about the frenzied pace of exploration and development of new lithium supplies, as well as those of graphite, cobalt, and nickel, a widely used industrial metal like copper seemed to be in a better position when it comes to meeting the anticipated increase in demand as the world continues to shift toward electric motors and renewable energy generation. However, as a&nbsp;recent report&nbsp;pointed out, the reality may be much different, as the pending copper supply shortage may be difficult to address, given historically low permitting and approvals of new mine projects and insufficient capital investments being made by industry participants to expand production beyond current levels.
Chemicals &amp; Materials
Commodity prices and demand.&nbsp;Plastic resin prices, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), appear to be&nbsp;settling after declines off mid-year peaks, suggesting that further easing of raw material costs for companies such as AVNT may have to wait for further economic slowdown, suggesting AVNT’s margins may not recover as rapidly as hoped for, without additional pricing actions, which would be difficult to realize in a slowing demand environment. As petrochemical raw materials used by other companies in our index, such as resins for paints, coatings, adhesives and sealants, surfactants, lubricants, as well as other intermediates, tend to track commodity resin prices, similar caution may be warranted—Y/Y margin compression may persist well into 2023 and lower margins tend to drive lower valuation multiples of companies in our space, despite growth in sales or profit dollars. Slowing economic activity is also&nbsp;affecting the steel market, where volumes continue to decline Y/Y. This trend may accelerate over the next three to six months as Europe and possibly North America enter a full-fledged recession with the accompanying destruction of economic activity. This would be a negative for companies such as EAF and MTX, who supply consumables into the global steel making industry.
Rating and Price Target Changes
ALB –&nbsp;Credit Suisse raised its price target (PT) to $200 from $196 but reiterated its Underperform rating; UBS lowered its PT to $297 from $308 and maintained its Neutral rating; CFRA raised its PT to $308 from $295 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
AVNT –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $35 from $40 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
CTVA –&nbsp;Credit Suisse raised its PT to $74 from $72 and reiterated its Outperform rating; CFRA raised its PT to $70 from $61 but maintained its Hold rating.
ECL –&nbsp;CFRA lowered its PT to $158 from $160 but upgraded the stock from Sell to Hold; Deutsche Bank downgraded the stock to Hold from Buy and lowered its PT to $135 from $165; Mizuho Securities lowered its PT to $158 from $178 and maintained its Neutral rating.
EMN –&nbsp;Mizuho Securities lowered its PT to $88 from $91 and maintained its Neutral rating; KeyBank lowered its PT to $98 from $111 and reiterated its Overweight rating.
FMC –&nbsp;UBS raised its PT to $142 from $140 and reiterated its Buy rating; Credit Suisse raised its PT to $112 from $105 and reiterated its Underperform rating; CFRA raised its PT to $125 from $120 and maintained its Hold rating; KeyBank raised its PT to $139 from $122 and reiterated its Overweight rating; RBC raised its PT to $135 from $133 and reiterated its Outperform rating.
HXL –&nbsp;BMO lowered its PT to $61 from $66 and maintained its Market Perform rating.
LTHM –&nbsp;CFRA lowered its PT to $31 from $33 and maintained its Hold rating; Deutsche Bank raised its PT to $30 from $27 and maintained its Hold recommendation.
MTRN –&nbsp;KeyBank lowered its PT to $90 from $94 and reiterated its Overweight recommendation.
Recent Reports and Future Events
TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Fireside Chat: Chairman &amp; CEO Gerard Barron and CFO Craig Shesky, November 16, 2022, at 10:00 am EST
TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Initiation of Coverage – Tapping Untapped Resource to Address Unmet Need
Westwater Resources, Inc. (WWR) – Company Update Report – Steady Progress Deserves a Closer Look
DISCLOSURES

Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.  WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.  Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.  Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.  In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.  The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.  The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.  All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.

Mat-Chem Notes for the Week Ended November 4, 2022

<h3>KEY HIGHLIGHTS</h3>
<ul>
<li>WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;Both the S&amp;P 500 (up 4.7%) and the Russell 2000 (up 3.6%) posted positive returns for the week, as the market continues to look for a bottom. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology companies outperformed the broader market by appreciating 6.7% last week, led by lithium stocks that are continuing to benefit from&nbsp;higher lithium prices, a positive investor sentiment toward even non-producing lithium developers.</li>
<li>September auto sales improve, but outlook sours.&nbsp;While September saw a continuation of modest growth in new car registrations seen in August, the pace of growth,&nbsp;even in China, slowed, while&nbsp;the outlook for Europe remains muted&nbsp;and&nbsp;Japanese OEMs&nbsp;are&nbsp;cutting production&nbsp;and the outlook for 2023. Preliminary&nbsp;October data from China&nbsp;show the continuing impact of COVID lockdowns on auto production and sales. Consequently, we advise continued caution when it comes to PPG, AXTA, FUL, and AVNT, which are companies with significant exposure to the automotive and transportation markets.</li>
<li>Promising new critical metal resource.&nbsp;TMC the metals company, Inc. (NASDAQ: TMC), a late-stage development company looking to begin exploiting a new undersea resource of nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese,&nbsp;announced the successful start to the pilot collection program&nbsp;that is seeking to validate its collection technology and provide environmental assessment data from the collection program for its permit application with the International Seabed Authority (ISA).</li>
<li>US farmers feeling the pinch.&nbsp;Market fundamentals continue to deteriorate for US farmers, as both Purdue University and CME Group’s&nbsp;Ag Economy Barometer&nbsp;and Creighton University’s&nbsp;Rural Mainstreet Index&nbsp;posted weaker readings, as farmers’ concerns over rising interest rates, slowing economy, and higher input costs grow.</li>
<li>Industry consolidation continues.&nbsp;The chemicals and materials industry has been characterized by a consolidation trend, which is showing no signs of slowing down, even as borrowing rates begin to climb higher.&nbsp;SHW’s acquisition&nbsp;of Italian wood coater Industria Chimica Adriatica S.p.A. and&nbsp;SXT’s acquisition&nbsp;of Turkish natural color and extracts company Endemix represent the most recent transactions in the space.</li>
</ul>
<h3>WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE</h3>
<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/305/146/original/image_906134346171666649640495.png?1666649643" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="305146"></figure>
<div class="content-remarks">
<p>Source: YCharts as of October 21 close</p>
</div>
<h2>Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag</h2>
<p>Industry consolidation and collaboration.&nbsp;We wrote previously about ag-chem majors looking to establish or improve their position in the rapidly growing and evolving bio-based ag inputs market, by both developing internal capabilities to complement their ag-chem portfolios and by acquiring or partnering with bio-ag innovators looking for market access and capital to usher their products through regulatory pipelines. CTVA recently announced its&nbsp;acquisition of Symborg, a Spanish expert in microbiological technologies. Similarly,&nbsp;Bayer announced&nbsp;a multiyear strategic partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, which it had previously established a joint venture, to further accelerate Ginkgo’s crop protection, nitrogen fixation, and carbon sequestration products.</p>
<p>Barge traffic woes hinder ag exports and may drive higher fertilizer prices.&nbsp;Shallow waters in the Mississippi River have led to&nbsp;less loading of the barges traversing the waterways&nbsp;in order to reduce their draft, as well as fewer barges being pulled at a time, resulting in slower traffic on the river that is affecting both the pace of grain exports traveling down to the Gulf Coast, as well as the amount of fertilizers making their way upstream to distributors and farmers. While US farmers are ending the season in a solid cash position, with somewhat lower-than-expected crop yields supporting commodity prices at elevated levels,&nbsp;fertilizer cost and availability&nbsp;are again top of mind heading into the 2023-24 season, which may be a positive for fertilizer producers such as CF and MOS, but may also drive continuing efforts to reduce fertilizer use through nitrogen fixing and other soil conditioning products, as well as product substitutions, including bio-based fertilizer alternatives.</p>
<h2>Energy Technology &amp; Battery Technology</h2>
<p>More tie-ups between auto and battery OEMs and critical material suppliers.&nbsp;As concerns over availability (forget the price) of&nbsp;critical battery materials intensify, while environmental and government regulations continue to place obstacles in front of companies looking to rectify the pending shortage, auto and battery manufacturers are scrambling to sign supply agreements in order to secure sufficient quantities of materials critical for the continuation of the current energy transformation trend. The industry recently witnessed battery manufacturer LG Energy Solution sign&nbsp;agreements for supply of cobalt and lithium&nbsp;with three Canadian firms. Meanwhile, General Motors is&nbsp;looking to secure a new source of low-cost nickel and cobalt&nbsp;for its Ultium battery cells with a strategic investment in Australian battery materials supplier Queensland Pacific Metals, investing $69 million in the company. Another auto OEM,&nbsp;Stellantis, has signed a non-binding preliminary agreement with GME Resources&nbsp;to secure supplies of nickel and cobalt sulphate. Similarly,&nbsp;Mercedes-Benz has signed a supply agreement with Canadian-German Rock Tech Lithium&nbsp;to receive on average 10,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide per year, starting in 2026. Finally,&nbsp;VW and Umicore&nbsp;announced a creation of a joint venture to produce battery precursors and cathodes to support VW’s EV push. The venture will target an annual capacity of 40 gigawatt hours in 2026, with the aim of reaching 160 gigawatt hours (GWh) of capacity by the end of the decade.</p>
<p>Working at the pace of government.&nbsp;While&nbsp;a new graphite mine is about to open in Brazil, US efforts to domesticate the critical battery materials supply chain remain in an embryotic stage, with&nbsp;a federal court setting the date&nbsp;of hearings for LAC’s Nevada lithium mine project for January 2023, suggesting mine development delays of at least six months, as the original hope was for a hearing this year. Fortunately, resources in other jurisdictions are moving forward, with&nbsp;PLL’s partner Atlantic Lithium targeting first production at its Ewoyaa project in Ghana in 2H24, with the concentrate destined for PLL’s Tennessee processing plant. Speaking of&nbsp;PLL, the company, along with&nbsp;ALB, have been selected to receive US federal grants for the development of domestic lithium projects. The awards bode well for late-stage developers of other critical battery materials, including WWR, increasing its chances of securing similar funding to complete its Alabama graphite conversion plant project.</p>
<p>Building in circular economy considerations.&nbsp;Even as market participants scramble to develop sufficient new resources of metals and graphite needed to complete the global electrification push, the industry is developing closed-loop capabilities, realizing that recyclability will be a critical consideration in reaching government and industry mandates around CO2&nbsp;emissions and waste disposal. Recycling spent batteries is also being looked at as an important source of metals and other materials for new batteries, as industry sources increasingly see the need for efficient recycling to meet emission and sustainability goals once the EV and energy storage industry begins reaching steady state. To that end,&nbsp;General Motors has acquired a stake in Canadian company Lithion Recycling. The two companies have also agreed to jointly invest in research and development for recycling processes and for the recyclability of future battery designs. Meanwhile,&nbsp;Cirba Solutions announced an investment of $200 million&nbsp;in its Ohio battery recycling plant to help meet expected demand for battery materials.</p>
<h2>Rating and Price Target Changes</h2>
<p>ASH –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its price target (PT) to $104 from $110 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>AVNT –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank initiated coverage with a Buy rating and PT of $40.</p>
<p>AXTA –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $25 from $28 and maintained its Hold rating; Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $24 from $26 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>CTVA –&nbsp;Mizuho Securities raised its PT to $74 from $69 and reiterated its Buy rating.</p>
<p>ECL –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $165 from $180 and reiterated its Buy rating.</p>
<p>EMN –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $80 from $95 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>HXL –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $58 from $63 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>LTHM –&nbsp;JP Morgan initiated coverage with a Neutral rating and $28 PT.</p>
<p>MTRN –&nbsp;KeyBank lowered its PT to $94 from $100 and reiterated its Overweight rating.</p>
<p>NGVT –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $69 from $74 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>RPM –&nbsp;UBS downgraded the stock to Neutral from Buy and reduced its PT to $101 from $105.</p>
<p>PPG –&nbsp;KeyBank initiated coverage with an Overweight recommendation and $127 PT; Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $120 from $130 and maintained its Equal Weight rating; UBS lowered its PT to $144 from $145 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.</p>
<p>SHW –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $215 from $250 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<h2>Recent Reports and Future Events</h2>
<p>Westwater Resources, Inc. (WWR) – Company Update Report – Steady Progress Deserves a Closer Look</p>
<p>TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Initiation of Coverage – Tapping Untapped Resource to Address Unmet Need</p>
<h3>DISCLOSURES</h3>
<div></div>
<p>Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.<br><br>WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.<br><br>Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.<br><br>Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.<br><br>In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.<br><br>The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.<br><br>The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.<br><br>All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.</p>

KEY HIGHLIGHTS

WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;Both the S&amp;P 500 (up 4.7%) and the Russell 2000 (up 3.6%) posted positive returns for the week, as the market continues to look for a bottom. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology companies outperformed the broader market by appreciating 6.7% last week, led by lithium stocks that are continuing to benefit from&nbsp;higher lithium prices, a positive investor sentiment toward even non-producing lithium developers.
September auto sales improve, but outlook sours.&nbsp;While September saw a continuation of modest growth in new car registrations seen in August, the pace of growth,&nbsp;even in China, slowed, while&nbsp;the outlook for Europe remains muted&nbsp;and&nbsp;Japanese OEMs&nbsp;are&nbsp;cutting production&nbsp;and the outlook for 2023. Preliminary&nbsp;October data from China&nbsp;show the continuing impact of COVID lockdowns on auto production and sales. Consequently, we advise continued caution when it comes to PPG, AXTA, FUL, and AVNT, which are companies with significant exposure to the automotive and transportation markets.
Promising new critical metal resource.&nbsp;TMC the metals company, Inc. (NASDAQ: TMC), a late-stage development company looking to begin exploiting a new undersea resource of nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese,&nbsp;announced the successful start to the pilot collection program&nbsp;that is seeking to validate its collection technology and provide environmental assessment data from the collection program for its permit application with the International Seabed Authority (ISA).
US farmers feeling the pinch.&nbsp;Market fundamentals continue to deteriorate for US farmers, as both Purdue University and CME Group’s&nbsp;Ag Economy Barometer&nbsp;and Creighton University’s&nbsp;Rural Mainstreet Index&nbsp;posted weaker readings, as farmers’ concerns over rising interest rates, slowing economy, and higher input costs grow.
Industry consolidation continues.&nbsp;The chemicals and materials industry has been characterized by a consolidation trend, which is showing no signs of slowing down, even as borrowing rates begin to climb higher.&nbsp;SHW’s acquisition&nbsp;of Italian wood coater Industria Chimica Adriatica S.p.A. and&nbsp;SXT’s acquisition&nbsp;of Turkish natural color and extracts company Endemix represent the most recent transactions in the space.

WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE


Source: YCharts as of October 21 close

Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag
Industry consolidation and collaboration.&nbsp;We wrote previously about ag-chem majors looking to establish or improve their position in the rapidly growing and evolving bio-based ag inputs market, by both developing internal capabilities to complement their ag-chem portfolios and by acquiring or partnering with bio-ag innovators looking for market access and capital to usher their products through regulatory pipelines. CTVA recently announced its&nbsp;acquisition of Symborg, a Spanish expert in microbiological technologies. Similarly,&nbsp;Bayer announced&nbsp;a multiyear strategic partnership with Ginkgo Bioworks, which it had previously established a joint venture, to further accelerate Ginkgo’s crop protection, nitrogen fixation, and carbon sequestration products.
Barge traffic woes hinder ag exports and may drive higher fertilizer prices.&nbsp;Shallow waters in the Mississippi River have led to&nbsp;less loading of the barges traversing the waterways&nbsp;in order to reduce their draft, as well as fewer barges being pulled at a time, resulting in slower traffic on the river that is affecting both the pace of grain exports traveling down to the Gulf Coast, as well as the amount of fertilizers making their way upstream to distributors and farmers. While US farmers are ending the season in a solid cash position, with somewhat lower-than-expected crop yields supporting commodity prices at elevated levels,&nbsp;fertilizer cost and availability&nbsp;are again top of mind heading into the 2023-24 season, which may be a positive for fertilizer producers such as CF and MOS, but may also drive continuing efforts to reduce fertilizer use through nitrogen fixing and other soil conditioning products, as well as product substitutions, including bio-based fertilizer alternatives.
Energy Technology &amp; Battery Technology
More tie-ups between auto and battery OEMs and critical material suppliers.&nbsp;As concerns over availability (forget the price) of&nbsp;critical battery materials intensify, while environmental and government regulations continue to place obstacles in front of companies looking to rectify the pending shortage, auto and battery manufacturers are scrambling to sign supply agreements in order to secure sufficient quantities of materials critical for the continuation of the current energy transformation trend. The industry recently witnessed battery manufacturer LG Energy Solution sign&nbsp;agreements for supply of cobalt and lithium&nbsp;with three Canadian firms. Meanwhile, General Motors is&nbsp;looking to secure a new source of low-cost nickel and cobalt&nbsp;for its Ultium battery cells with a strategic investment in Australian battery materials supplier Queensland Pacific Metals, investing $69 million in the company. Another auto OEM,&nbsp;Stellantis, has signed a non-binding preliminary agreement with GME Resources&nbsp;to secure supplies of nickel and cobalt sulphate. Similarly,&nbsp;Mercedes-Benz has signed a supply agreement with Canadian-German Rock Tech Lithium&nbsp;to receive on average 10,000 tons of battery-grade lithium hydroxide per year, starting in 2026. Finally,&nbsp;VW and Umicore&nbsp;announced a creation of a joint venture to produce battery precursors and cathodes to support VW’s EV push. The venture will target an annual capacity of 40 gigawatt hours in 2026, with the aim of reaching 160 gigawatt hours (GWh) of capacity by the end of the decade.
Working at the pace of government.&nbsp;While&nbsp;a new graphite mine is about to open in Brazil, US efforts to domesticate the critical battery materials supply chain remain in an embryotic stage, with&nbsp;a federal court setting the date&nbsp;of hearings for LAC’s Nevada lithium mine project for January 2023, suggesting mine development delays of at least six months, as the original hope was for a hearing this year. Fortunately, resources in other jurisdictions are moving forward, with&nbsp;PLL’s partner Atlantic Lithium targeting first production at its Ewoyaa project in Ghana in 2H24, with the concentrate destined for PLL’s Tennessee processing plant. Speaking of&nbsp;PLL, the company, along with&nbsp;ALB, have been selected to receive US federal grants for the development of domestic lithium projects. The awards bode well for late-stage developers of other critical battery materials, including WWR, increasing its chances of securing similar funding to complete its Alabama graphite conversion plant project.
Building in circular economy considerations.&nbsp;Even as market participants scramble to develop sufficient new resources of metals and graphite needed to complete the global electrification push, the industry is developing closed-loop capabilities, realizing that recyclability will be a critical consideration in reaching government and industry mandates around CO2&nbsp;emissions and waste disposal. Recycling spent batteries is also being looked at as an important source of metals and other materials for new batteries, as industry sources increasingly see the need for efficient recycling to meet emission and sustainability goals once the EV and energy storage industry begins reaching steady state. To that end,&nbsp;General Motors has acquired a stake in Canadian company Lithion Recycling. The two companies have also agreed to jointly invest in research and development for recycling processes and for the recyclability of future battery designs. Meanwhile,&nbsp;Cirba Solutions announced an investment of $200 million&nbsp;in its Ohio battery recycling plant to help meet expected demand for battery materials.
Rating and Price Target Changes
ASH –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its price target (PT) to $104 from $110 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
AVNT –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank initiated coverage with a Buy rating and PT of $40.
AXTA –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $25 from $28 and maintained its Hold rating; Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $24 from $26 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
CTVA –&nbsp;Mizuho Securities raised its PT to $74 from $69 and reiterated its Buy rating.
ECL –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $165 from $180 and reiterated its Buy rating.
EMN –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $80 from $95 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
HXL –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $58 from $63 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
LTHM –&nbsp;JP Morgan initiated coverage with a Neutral rating and $28 PT.
MTRN –&nbsp;KeyBank lowered its PT to $94 from $100 and reiterated its Overweight rating.
NGVT –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $69 from $74 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
RPM –&nbsp;UBS downgraded the stock to Neutral from Buy and reduced its PT to $101 from $105.
PPG –&nbsp;KeyBank initiated coverage with an Overweight recommendation and $127 PT; Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $120 from $130 and maintained its Equal Weight rating; UBS lowered its PT to $144 from $145 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
SHW –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $215 from $250 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
Recent Reports and Future Events
Westwater Resources, Inc. (WWR) – Company Update Report – Steady Progress Deserves a Closer Look
TMC the metals company, Inc. (TMC) – Initiation of Coverage – Tapping Untapped Resource to Address Unmet Need
DISCLOSURES

Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.  WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.  Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.  Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.  In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.  The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.  The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.  All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.

Mat-Chem Notes for the Week Ended October 21, 2022

<h3>KEY HIGHLIGHTS</h3>
<div></div>
<ul>
<li>WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;Reversing the prior week’s trend, the stock market pulled back last week following the release of disappointing inflation data, with the Russell 2000 and the S&amp;P 500 losing 4.5% and 4.8% of their value, respectively. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology stocks underperformed the broader market by declining 7.2% for the week.&nbsp;EMN’s preannouncement&nbsp;of lower 3Q22 and 2022 expectations drove the stock down nearly 15% and eight of the 30 stocks in our index posted double-digit declines. With all stocks in our WTR-CMI index losing value last week, PKE, AVD, and CTVA delivered relative outperformance by declining less than 2%.</li>
<li>Even ag-chem majors are retrenching.&nbsp;While the overall tone of&nbsp;CTVA’s Investor Day&nbsp;held last week was positive, highlighted by the rollout of a robust R&amp;D pipeline and an announcement of additional $2 billion in share repurchases (on top of existing $1.5 billion authorization), management also laid out plans for&nbsp;coping with slowing economic growth and high inflation expectations&nbsp;by exiting 35 countries and trimming its workforce by 5%.</li>
<li>Tale of two regions.&nbsp;While US passenger vehicle sales in August edged up Y/Y and new&nbsp;car registrations in the EU&nbsp;grew by 4.4% last month,&nbsp;Y/Y growth of passenger vehicles in China was 36% in August&nbsp;following the end of a two-month lockdown of Shanghai and a reduction in the gasoline tax at the end of June. Although the remaining four months of 2022 will feature easy Y/Y comps, given the depressed state of the global auto industry at the end of 2021, slowing economic growth and high energy prices may keep the recovery muted, with questions remaining with respect to 2023. PPG and AXTA may therefore continue to underperform, given their large exposure to the automotive and transportation markets.</li>
<li>CMP stepping up its lithium game.&nbsp;Having previously previewed its ambitions of becoming a lithium supplier to the EV battery industry using its existing Salt Lake resources,&nbsp;CMP picked EnergySource Minerals&nbsp;as its direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology provider and announced a $252 million&nbsp;strategic investment&nbsp;by Koch Minerals &amp; Trading, LLC (KM&amp;T) to help finance Phase 1 of its lithium project.</li>
</ul>
<h3>WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE</h3>
<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/299/221/original/image_26154726621663790447378.png?1663790451" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="299221"></figure>
<h2>Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag</h2>
<p>September USDA report acknowledges reality.&nbsp;We recently highlighted the disconnect between the August USDA Crop Production Report and the boots-on-the-ground crop tour that implied much lower commodity grain expectations. Last week, the USDA released its&nbsp;September report, which reflected the crop tour’s findings and lowered its outlook for soybean and corn production by lowering the three main components:&nbsp;planted acre, harvested acres, and yield per acre. Weather pressures and challenges securing sufficient and timely quantities of fertilizers and pesticides may have been behind the reduction in productivity expectations for US farmers reflected in the report. Lower expected Brazilian crop and what appears to be lower-than-anticipated US production are likely to result in stable, if not higher, commodity crop prices, which would go a long way in helping US farmers deal with still-elevated input costs in the 2022-23 season. Also mitigating lower production is&nbsp;lower demand from industrial end markets, such as ethanol and biofuels, which are slowing due to the overall slowdown in the US economy and miles driven.</p>
<p>Farmers remain cautious.&nbsp;Creighton University’s Rural Mainstreet Index&nbsp;(RMI) reading for September improved somewhat from August’s reading of 44 to 46.3, marking the fifth straight month of readings under 50, with 50 being a growth-neutral outlook, signaling that US farmers are bracing for another difficult year and a downturn in economic activity. Supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures for everything from inputs to fuel to equipment to land values continue to weigh on farmers’ minds. Farmers and bankers are now also bracing for escalating interest rates, even higher farm input costs, and drought. Higher expected crop values as mentioned above may help mitigate some of the cost pressures farmers will be facing, but high energy and natural gas costs constraining fertilizer and pesticide production and leading to their higher costs and still-snarled logistics may result in even greater scarcity of needed inputs, suggesting ag-chem companies such as CTVA, FMC, and AVD, as well as CF and MOS may continue to enjoy strong demand. It may also provide opportunities for companies offering different technologies, such as bio-based pesticides, seed treatment, and soil conditioning to expand their geographic and crop reach, as farmers look for every advantage and avenue to facilitate their production. This would be a positive for emerging bio-ag companies such as BIX and BHIL.</p>
<h2>Battery and Energy Technology</h2>
<p>EV growth spurs demand and drives higher metal prices.&nbsp;As EV growth continues to accelerate, supply of metals required to build EV batteries is barely keeping pace, driving metal prices higher as a result,&nbsp;with lithium carbonate prices in China&nbsp;setting a new record at just over $71/kg. Nor is lithium an exception. Brazilian mining company&nbsp;Vale expects nickel demand&nbsp;to surge 44% by 2030 from current levels, with most new supply coming from Indonesia, Canada, and Australia. The company also expects there to be a structural deficit of the metal even when factoring in current announced production and mining expansions. An emerging player with the potential to become the second-largest nickel supplier in the world in the mid-term and the largest in the longer term is a Canadian late-stage development company&nbsp;The Metals Company&nbsp;(NASDAQ: TMC), which is getting ready to commercialize undersea collection and processing of polymetallic nodules found in ocean depths between Mexico and Hawaii.</p>
<p>Working at cross purposes.&nbsp;We recently wrote about the disconnect between national governments’ efforts to expand and domesticate the sourcing and production of materials critical in enabling the EV and energy storage transformation on the one hand and local government agencies and NGOs doing their best to push “not in my back yard” agenda when it comes to mines, processing plants, and other facilities needed to support green energy goals. We previously highlighted the issues PLL is having in securing the permits needed to begin mining and processing lithium in North Carolina. Another development-stage lithium player running into similar NGO obstacles is LAC, which is facing strong opposition to its&nbsp;Nevada mine development from environmental groups and other NGOs. While Tesla CEO thinks mining is “relatively easy” compared with lithium refining competencies and is exploring&nbsp;Tesla getting into the lithium processing business, the fact remains that additional sources of lithium, whether by direct lithium extraction from brine à la CMP and LAC, spodumene mines, or expansion of brine extraction in the Andes, are sorely needed to decouple our dependence on China and other geopolitically sensitive neighborhoods. That means governments will need to rethink their approach to incentivizing domestic development of mine and processing plant resources.</p>
<h2>Chemicals and Materials News</h2>
<p>N.I.M.B.Y.&nbsp;Everyone wants a more sustainable world. Everyone wants less plastic and other pollution. But it seems nobody wants plants and facilities that can deliver on those wants in their neighborhood—Not in My Back Yard syndrome—at least not in developed countries with a strong NGO ecosystem. The problem goes beyond permitting new mineral and metal mines, processing plants, or refineries. Even scrap plastic sorting facilities are frowned upon. Just ask PureCycle Technologies’ (NASDAQ: PCT) CEO Dustin Olson, who has received a&nbsp;letter signed by 50 different NGOs&nbsp;requesting the company abandon its plans for a new plastic sorting facility in Florida.</p>
<h2>Rating and Price Target Changes</h2>
<p>ASH –&nbsp;Credit Suisse initiated coverage of the stock with an Outperform rating and $210 price target (PT).</p>
<p>CTVA –&nbsp;KeyBanc raised its PT to $72 from $64 and reiterated its Overweight rating; BMO raised its PT to $72 from $66 and reiterated its Outperform rating; JP Morgan raised its PT to $65 from $63 and reiterated its Outperform rating; Jefferies raised its PT to $77 from $70 and reiterated its Buy recommendation; Deutsche Bank raised its PT to $75 from $68 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.</p>
<p>EMN –&nbsp;Jefferies lowered its PT to $94 from $97 and maintained its Hold rating; Tudor Pickering lowered its PT to $98 from $105 and maintained its Hold rating; Stifel Nicolaus lowered its PT to $112 from $134 and reiterated its Buy recommendation; CFRA lowered its PT to $110 rom $115 and reiterated its Buy rating; Wells Fargo downgraded the stock to Equal Weight from Overweight and lowered its PT to $95 from $110; KeyBanc lowered its PT to $111 from $125 and reiterated its Overweight rating; Citigroup lowered its PT to $93 from $102 and maintained its Neutral rating; RBC lowered its PT to $82 from $97 and maintained its Sector Perform rating; Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $95 from $115 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.</p>
<p>LTHM –&nbsp;Vertical Research downgraded the stock to Hold from Buy, despite raising its PT to $35 from $33.</p>
<p>PPG –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $130 from $135 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.</p>
<p>SHW –&nbsp;Evercore ISI lowered its PT to $260 from $285 and reiterated its Outperform rating.</p>
<h2>Recent WTR Publications and Upcoming Events</h2>
<p>Management Series Report – Loop Industries Founder and CEO Daniel Solomita (NASDAQ: LOOP)</p>
<p>Management Series Report and 2Q22 Update for Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)</p>
<p>Initiation of Coverage – Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)</p>
<h3>DISCLOSURES</h3>
<div></div>
<p>Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.<br><br>WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.<br><br>Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.<br><br>Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.<br><br>In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.<br><br>The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.<br><br>The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.<br><br>All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.</p>

KEY HIGHLIGHTS


WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;Reversing the prior week’s trend, the stock market pulled back last week following the release of disappointing inflation data, with the Russell 2000 and the S&amp;P 500 losing 4.5% and 4.8% of their value, respectively. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology stocks underperformed the broader market by declining 7.2% for the week.&nbsp;EMN’s preannouncement&nbsp;of lower 3Q22 and 2022 expectations drove the stock down nearly 15% and eight of the 30 stocks in our index posted double-digit declines. With all stocks in our WTR-CMI index losing value last week, PKE, AVD, and CTVA delivered relative outperformance by declining less than 2%.
Even ag-chem majors are retrenching.&nbsp;While the overall tone of&nbsp;CTVA’s Investor Day&nbsp;held last week was positive, highlighted by the rollout of a robust R&amp;D pipeline and an announcement of additional $2 billion in share repurchases (on top of existing $1.5 billion authorization), management also laid out plans for&nbsp;coping with slowing economic growth and high inflation expectations&nbsp;by exiting 35 countries and trimming its workforce by 5%.
Tale of two regions.&nbsp;While US passenger vehicle sales in August edged up Y/Y and new&nbsp;car registrations in the EU&nbsp;grew by 4.4% last month,&nbsp;Y/Y growth of passenger vehicles in China was 36% in August&nbsp;following the end of a two-month lockdown of Shanghai and a reduction in the gasoline tax at the end of June. Although the remaining four months of 2022 will feature easy Y/Y comps, given the depressed state of the global auto industry at the end of 2021, slowing economic growth and high energy prices may keep the recovery muted, with questions remaining with respect to 2023. PPG and AXTA may therefore continue to underperform, given their large exposure to the automotive and transportation markets.
CMP stepping up its lithium game.&nbsp;Having previously previewed its ambitions of becoming a lithium supplier to the EV battery industry using its existing Salt Lake resources,&nbsp;CMP picked EnergySource Minerals&nbsp;as its direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology provider and announced a $252 million&nbsp;strategic investment&nbsp;by Koch Minerals &amp; Trading, LLC (KM&amp;T) to help finance Phase 1 of its lithium project.

WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE

Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag
September USDA report acknowledges reality.&nbsp;We recently highlighted the disconnect between the August USDA Crop Production Report and the boots-on-the-ground crop tour that implied much lower commodity grain expectations. Last week, the USDA released its&nbsp;September report, which reflected the crop tour’s findings and lowered its outlook for soybean and corn production by lowering the three main components:&nbsp;planted acre, harvested acres, and yield per acre. Weather pressures and challenges securing sufficient and timely quantities of fertilizers and pesticides may have been behind the reduction in productivity expectations for US farmers reflected in the report. Lower expected Brazilian crop and what appears to be lower-than-anticipated US production are likely to result in stable, if not higher, commodity crop prices, which would go a long way in helping US farmers deal with still-elevated input costs in the 2022-23 season. Also mitigating lower production is&nbsp;lower demand from industrial end markets, such as ethanol and biofuels, which are slowing due to the overall slowdown in the US economy and miles driven.
Farmers remain cautious.&nbsp;Creighton University’s Rural Mainstreet Index&nbsp;(RMI) reading for September improved somewhat from August’s reading of 44 to 46.3, marking the fifth straight month of readings under 50, with 50 being a growth-neutral outlook, signaling that US farmers are bracing for another difficult year and a downturn in economic activity. Supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures for everything from inputs to fuel to equipment to land values continue to weigh on farmers’ minds. Farmers and bankers are now also bracing for escalating interest rates, even higher farm input costs, and drought. Higher expected crop values as mentioned above may help mitigate some of the cost pressures farmers will be facing, but high energy and natural gas costs constraining fertilizer and pesticide production and leading to their higher costs and still-snarled logistics may result in even greater scarcity of needed inputs, suggesting ag-chem companies such as CTVA, FMC, and AVD, as well as CF and MOS may continue to enjoy strong demand. It may also provide opportunities for companies offering different technologies, such as bio-based pesticides, seed treatment, and soil conditioning to expand their geographic and crop reach, as farmers look for every advantage and avenue to facilitate their production. This would be a positive for emerging bio-ag companies such as BIX and BHIL.
Battery and Energy Technology
EV growth spurs demand and drives higher metal prices.&nbsp;As EV growth continues to accelerate, supply of metals required to build EV batteries is barely keeping pace, driving metal prices higher as a result,&nbsp;with lithium carbonate prices in China&nbsp;setting a new record at just over $71/kg. Nor is lithium an exception. Brazilian mining company&nbsp;Vale expects nickel demand&nbsp;to surge 44% by 2030 from current levels, with most new supply coming from Indonesia, Canada, and Australia. The company also expects there to be a structural deficit of the metal even when factoring in current announced production and mining expansions. An emerging player with the potential to become the second-largest nickel supplier in the world in the mid-term and the largest in the longer term is a Canadian late-stage development company&nbsp;The Metals Company&nbsp;(NASDAQ: TMC), which is getting ready to commercialize undersea collection and processing of polymetallic nodules found in ocean depths between Mexico and Hawaii.
Working at cross purposes.&nbsp;We recently wrote about the disconnect between national governments’ efforts to expand and domesticate the sourcing and production of materials critical in enabling the EV and energy storage transformation on the one hand and local government agencies and NGOs doing their best to push “not in my back yard” agenda when it comes to mines, processing plants, and other facilities needed to support green energy goals. We previously highlighted the issues PLL is having in securing the permits needed to begin mining and processing lithium in North Carolina. Another development-stage lithium player running into similar NGO obstacles is LAC, which is facing strong opposition to its&nbsp;Nevada mine development from environmental groups and other NGOs. While Tesla CEO thinks mining is “relatively easy” compared with lithium refining competencies and is exploring&nbsp;Tesla getting into the lithium processing business, the fact remains that additional sources of lithium, whether by direct lithium extraction from brine à la CMP and LAC, spodumene mines, or expansion of brine extraction in the Andes, are sorely needed to decouple our dependence on China and other geopolitically sensitive neighborhoods. That means governments will need to rethink their approach to incentivizing domestic development of mine and processing plant resources.
Chemicals and Materials News
N.I.M.B.Y.&nbsp;Everyone wants a more sustainable world. Everyone wants less plastic and other pollution. But it seems nobody wants plants and facilities that can deliver on those wants in their neighborhood—Not in My Back Yard syndrome—at least not in developed countries with a strong NGO ecosystem. The problem goes beyond permitting new mineral and metal mines, processing plants, or refineries. Even scrap plastic sorting facilities are frowned upon. Just ask PureCycle Technologies’ (NASDAQ: PCT) CEO Dustin Olson, who has received a&nbsp;letter signed by 50 different NGOs&nbsp;requesting the company abandon its plans for a new plastic sorting facility in Florida.
Rating and Price Target Changes
ASH –&nbsp;Credit Suisse initiated coverage of the stock with an Outperform rating and $210 price target (PT).
CTVA –&nbsp;KeyBanc raised its PT to $72 from $64 and reiterated its Overweight rating; BMO raised its PT to $72 from $66 and reiterated its Outperform rating; JP Morgan raised its PT to $65 from $63 and reiterated its Outperform rating; Jefferies raised its PT to $77 from $70 and reiterated its Buy recommendation; Deutsche Bank raised its PT to $75 from $68 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
EMN –&nbsp;Jefferies lowered its PT to $94 from $97 and maintained its Hold rating; Tudor Pickering lowered its PT to $98 from $105 and maintained its Hold rating; Stifel Nicolaus lowered its PT to $112 from $134 and reiterated its Buy recommendation; CFRA lowered its PT to $110 rom $115 and reiterated its Buy rating; Wells Fargo downgraded the stock to Equal Weight from Overweight and lowered its PT to $95 from $110; KeyBanc lowered its PT to $111 from $125 and reiterated its Overweight rating; Citigroup lowered its PT to $93 from $102 and maintained its Neutral rating; RBC lowered its PT to $82 from $97 and maintained its Sector Perform rating; Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $95 from $115 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
LTHM –&nbsp;Vertical Research downgraded the stock to Hold from Buy, despite raising its PT to $35 from $33.
PPG –&nbsp;Wells Fargo lowered its PT to $130 from $135 and maintained its Equal Weight rating.
SHW –&nbsp;Evercore ISI lowered its PT to $260 from $285 and reiterated its Outperform rating.
Recent WTR Publications and Upcoming Events
Management Series Report – Loop Industries Founder and CEO Daniel Solomita (NASDAQ: LOOP)
Management Series Report and 2Q22 Update for Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
Initiation of Coverage – Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
DISCLOSURES

Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.  WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.  Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.  Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.  In certain instances, including this report, WTR will write research covering non-clients. Readers should assume that WTR may seek to turn these non-paying companies into paying clients. Likewise, WTR may seek to transform these non-clients into paying clients of it or of its affiliate, which provides services such as presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services of WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.  The manner of WTR’s potential research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly written compliance guidelines.  The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors or agents shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.  All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.

Mat-Chem Notes for the Week Ended September 18, 2022

<h3>KEY HIGHLIGHTS</h3>
<div></div>
<ul>
<li>WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;In another down week for the market, the S&amp;P 500 retreated 3.3%, while the Russell 2000 lost 4.7% of its value. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology stocks underperformed the broader market, declining 5.5% for the week. All the stocks in our index finished the week in the red, with large cap coating names—AXTA, SHW, and PPG—posting the lowest declines, along with CTVA, which may have benefited from its&nbsp;announcement of a joint development of a new soybean seed with BASF. Prior week’s leader ALB was the worst performer last week, losing 9.8% of its value, as investors may have been disappointed with the&nbsp;company’s decision to keep the Catalysts business.</li>
<li>Damn the torpedoes, part 2.&nbsp;Going full-speed ahead with the development of its Ghana and Quebec mine reserves, while awaiting permitting for its NC mine,&nbsp;PLL announced plans to construct&nbsp;the country’s largest lithium hydroxide production plant in Tennessee, with production targeted for 2025.</li>
<li>US farmers appear to survive 2022 rollercoaster.&nbsp;Despite record high fertilizer, seed, and pesticide costs, not to mention supply disruptions, weather, and fuel costs,&nbsp;the USDA forecasts that US farmers will enjoy record cash incomes&nbsp;in 2022, although net farm income is expected to decline 3.3% from 2021, despite high crop prices due to aforementioned cost headwinds. With input costs continuing to go up (diesel moving north of $5/gal average again) and a slightly dented pocketbook heading into the 2022-23 season, US farmers’ ability to withstand another year of similar shocks remains under question.</li>
<li>Auto sales finally begin to recover.&nbsp;New car registrations in&nbsp;France&nbsp;and&nbsp;the US&nbsp;rose 4% Y/Y in August, albeit coming against increasingly easy year-ago comps. Still, the news is encouraging for Tier 1 auto suppliers such as PPG and AXTA in our index.</li>
<li>Builder confidence sinks.&nbsp;August was the eighth straight month of US&nbsp;builders’ confidence declining, with the August reading of 49 falling below the neutral outlook level for the first time since May 2020. We see this as a broad negative for our sector, especially for SHW, RPM, NGVT, and FULL, for whom the building &amp; construction industry represents a major end- market.</li>
</ul>
<h3>WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE</h3>
<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/296/883/original/image_18510131561662594923949.png?1662594926" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="296883"></figure>
<h2>Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag</h2>
<p>LATAM markets take center stage.&nbsp;With everything but the shouting over in the North American ag market for the 2021-22 season, attention is shifting to LATAM’s 2022-23 ag market forecasts. According to the Brazilian National Supply Company (CONAB), both&nbsp;soybean and corn planted acres are expected to grow in Brazil&nbsp;in 2022-23 compared with 2021-22, with more than 100 million acres of soybean being planted in the country for the first time. Still, while acres and yields are expected to grow, farms’ operating margins are forecast to decline versus this year, due primarily to higher input costs that are more than offsetting strong commodity prices and favorable currency exchange rates.</p>
<p>Higher planted acres expected in the region as well as higher use of fertilizers and pesticides are expected to benefit ag input companies. As recent research indicated,&nbsp;large multinationals are outperforming their local peers&nbsp;in this regard when it comes to LATAM markets in general, and Brazil, the region’s largest, in particular. We see this as a positive for companies like CTVA and FMC, given their strong positions in the region. Coming off a solid North American and European season, it appears ag majors are well positioned to continue their positive growth trajectory as sales shift to LATAM and we see current stock prices for both FMS and CTV as attractive entry points for investors looking to benefit from strong demand and pricing dynamics in the ag-input industry.</p>
<p>Ag majors aren’t the only ones likely to benefit from solid market conditions in LATAM. According to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA),&nbsp;there were 92 biological or low-impact pesticides approved in 2021, down slightly from the 95 approved in 2020. However, continuing expansion of bio-based pesticides, whose review and approvals are given priority by the agency, is a positive for both farmers, who will have more alternatives and solutions should synthetic chemical inputs’ cost and availability remain an issue in 2022-23, and for emerging bio-ag players, such as BIOX and BHIL, among others, who are rapidly developing bio-based alternatives to traditional synthetic pesticides.</p>
<h2>Battery Materials &amp; Energy Transformation</h2>
<p>Government regulations working at cross purposes to government intentions when it comes to electrification.&nbsp;Even as realization spreads that virtually everywhere one looks, there is a pending shortage of battery-critical materials essential for the electrification revolution to realize its full potential and growing concerns of overreliance on China for such materials already, ramping up local supply of these materials remains problematic. One consistent obstacle is government regulations around mining—the key element in domesticating the battery supply chain and reducing reliance on China and other less-than-friendly regimes. Sweden, home to many materials that could be mined to supply the burgeoning EV battery demand in EU,&nbsp;has been called out recently&nbsp;for its slow regulatory process when it comes to approving new mines in the country. In the US, there is an&nbsp;industry push to shorten and streamline&nbsp;the US mine permit review process. As companies who are looking to develop domestic supply of everything from lithium, to graphite, to rare earths and more prosaic metals such as nickel and copper, continue to bleed red ink due to permitting delays of their major projects, government regulations continue to erect barriers and raise the cost of developing such projects, which appear contrary to many governments’ stated goals and deadlines for sufficiently reducing, if not outright eliminating, dependence on fossil fuels as the basis for the economy. As the saying goes, something’s gotta give.</p>
<p>More investments and intentions announced.&nbsp;Toyota, long viewed as a laggard in EV transition race, announced it will invest close to&nbsp;$5.6 billion into making more EV batteries in the US and Japan, with the goal of raising its production capacity by 40 GWh. The company announced that $2.5 billion of that will go toward its investments into the&nbsp;North Carolina battery plant&nbsp;that will supply batteries for both hybrid as well as fully electric vehicles. Initial production is expected in 2025.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, American Manganese Inc. (OTC: AMYZF) announced that its RecycLiCo Battery Materials arm, in partnership with Kemetco Research Inc., has successfully run a bench test whereby&nbsp;the patented process recovered more than 99% of the lithium&nbsp;contained in lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery cathode materials, extending the process ability, previously demonstrated for nickel-rich, manganese-rich and cobalt-rich cathode chemistries. As we highlighted in our previous issue, work continues on other, non-battery-based energy alternatives, such as hydrogen fuel cells. Recently, German&nbsp;Bosch announced plans to invest $200 million&nbsp;in its US capacity to produce said fuel cells at its South Carolina plant.</p>
<h2>Automotive &amp; Transportation</h2>
<p>We’re not out of the woods yet.&nbsp;Although new car sales comps are beginning to turn positive, as we mentioned above, we note that August improvements (and we expect the remainder of the year to follow suit) came against record low production levels seen in 2H21 and the global industry remains materially below 2019 production levels. Many issues that have plagued the industry over the last three years remain. Thus,&nbsp;Volvo will temporarily close its plant in the Chinese city&nbsp;of Chengdu due to local coronavirus restrictions.&nbsp;Stellantis halted its Sevel van-making plant&nbsp;in central Italy due to a shortage in supplies of parts.&nbsp;Toyota announced that its global output sank&nbsp;for the fourth straight month in July, as a shortage of semiconductors and supply chain disruptions caused by COVID lockdowns in China hurt production. With the world possibly entering a recession, big ticket items such as new cars may continue to see an uneven recovery in demand, even off the 2021-22 lows. While Y/Y growth in new vehicle registrations is encouraging, ongoing issues with semiconductor and other parts supplies, logistical snags, and on-again-off-again production in China as rolling COVID lockdowns continue, the industry still seems some way off from regaining its footing.</p>
<h2>Chemicals and Materials Technology in the News</h2>
<p>Architectural coatings market growth intact.&nbsp;A report by&nbsp;Research and Markets forecasts that global demand for architectural coatings&nbsp;will continue to grow at above GDP rates, driven by residential construction and remodeling, as well as commercial and infrastructure projects. The global market for architectural coatings estimated at $64.2 billion in 2022 is projected to grow at a 4.9% CAGR through 2026, reaching $79.5 billion by 2026. While this is a positive for PPG, Masco (NYSE: MAS), which supplies Behr and Kilz brand paints to Home Depot (NYSE: HD), and Berkshire Hathaway’s Benjamin Moore paint, it is particularly impactful for SHW, which dominates the paint market in the US and is one of the leading global suppliers of architectural coatings. Furthermore, with the Do It For Me&nbsp;(DIFM) trend growing once more in the US&nbsp;in the wake of COVID lockdowns, SHW may benefit disproportionately, given its extensive company-owned contractor paint stores across the country and in Canada.</p>
<h2>Recent WTR Publications and Upcoming Events</h2>
<p>Management Series Report – Loop Industries Founder and CEO Daniel Solomita (NASDAQ: LOOP)</p>
<p>Management Series Report and 2Q22 Update for Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)</p>
<p>Fireside Chat with Management of Loop Industries (NASDAQ: LOOP)</p>
<p>Fireside Chat with Management of Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)</p>
<p>Initiation of Coverage – Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)</p>
<h3>DISCLOSURES</h3>
<div></div>
<p>Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.<br><br>WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.<br><br>Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.<br><br>Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.<br><br>WTR is being compensated for its research by the company which is the subject of this report. WTR receives no more than a maximum of $10,500 per month from a given client and is required to have at least a 6-month commitment. None of the earned fees are contingent on, and WTR’s client agreements are not cancellable for the content of its reports. WTR does not accept any compensation in the form of warrants or stock options or other equity instruments that could increase in value based on positive coverage in its reports.<br><br>WTR or an affiliate may seek to receive compensation for non-research services to covered companies, such as charges for presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services that WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.<br><br>The manner of WTR’s research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly-written compliance guidelines.<br><br>The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors, agents or affiliate shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.<br><br>All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.</p>

KEY HIGHLIGHTS


WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;In another down week for the market, the S&amp;P 500 retreated 3.3%, while the Russell 2000 lost 4.7% of its value. Our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology stocks underperformed the broader market, declining 5.5% for the week. All the stocks in our index finished the week in the red, with large cap coating names—AXTA, SHW, and PPG—posting the lowest declines, along with CTVA, which may have benefited from its&nbsp;announcement of a joint development of a new soybean seed with BASF. Prior week’s leader ALB was the worst performer last week, losing 9.8% of its value, as investors may have been disappointed with the&nbsp;company’s decision to keep the Catalysts business.
Damn the torpedoes, part 2.&nbsp;Going full-speed ahead with the development of its Ghana and Quebec mine reserves, while awaiting permitting for its NC mine,&nbsp;PLL announced plans to construct&nbsp;the country’s largest lithium hydroxide production plant in Tennessee, with production targeted for 2025.
US farmers appear to survive 2022 rollercoaster.&nbsp;Despite record high fertilizer, seed, and pesticide costs, not to mention supply disruptions, weather, and fuel costs,&nbsp;the USDA forecasts that US farmers will enjoy record cash incomes&nbsp;in 2022, although net farm income is expected to decline 3.3% from 2021, despite high crop prices due to aforementioned cost headwinds. With input costs continuing to go up (diesel moving north of $5/gal average again) and a slightly dented pocketbook heading into the 2022-23 season, US farmers’ ability to withstand another year of similar shocks remains under question.
Auto sales finally begin to recover.&nbsp;New car registrations in&nbsp;France&nbsp;and&nbsp;the US&nbsp;rose 4% Y/Y in August, albeit coming against increasingly easy year-ago comps. Still, the news is encouraging for Tier 1 auto suppliers such as PPG and AXTA in our index.
Builder confidence sinks.&nbsp;August was the eighth straight month of US&nbsp;builders’ confidence declining, with the August reading of 49 falling below the neutral outlook level for the first time since May 2020. We see this as a broad negative for our sector, especially for SHW, RPM, NGVT, and FULL, for whom the building &amp; construction industry represents a major end- market.

WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE

Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag
LATAM markets take center stage.&nbsp;With everything but the shouting over in the North American ag market for the 2021-22 season, attention is shifting to LATAM’s 2022-23 ag market forecasts. According to the Brazilian National Supply Company (CONAB), both&nbsp;soybean and corn planted acres are expected to grow in Brazil&nbsp;in 2022-23 compared with 2021-22, with more than 100 million acres of soybean being planted in the country for the first time. Still, while acres and yields are expected to grow, farms’ operating margins are forecast to decline versus this year, due primarily to higher input costs that are more than offsetting strong commodity prices and favorable currency exchange rates.
Higher planted acres expected in the region as well as higher use of fertilizers and pesticides are expected to benefit ag input companies. As recent research indicated,&nbsp;large multinationals are outperforming their local peers&nbsp;in this regard when it comes to LATAM markets in general, and Brazil, the region’s largest, in particular. We see this as a positive for companies like CTVA and FMC, given their strong positions in the region. Coming off a solid North American and European season, it appears ag majors are well positioned to continue their positive growth trajectory as sales shift to LATAM and we see current stock prices for both FMS and CTV as attractive entry points for investors looking to benefit from strong demand and pricing dynamics in the ag-input industry.
Ag majors aren’t the only ones likely to benefit from solid market conditions in LATAM. According to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA),&nbsp;there were 92 biological or low-impact pesticides approved in 2021, down slightly from the 95 approved in 2020. However, continuing expansion of bio-based pesticides, whose review and approvals are given priority by the agency, is a positive for both farmers, who will have more alternatives and solutions should synthetic chemical inputs’ cost and availability remain an issue in 2022-23, and for emerging bio-ag players, such as BIOX and BHIL, among others, who are rapidly developing bio-based alternatives to traditional synthetic pesticides.
Battery Materials &amp; Energy Transformation
Government regulations working at cross purposes to government intentions when it comes to electrification.&nbsp;Even as realization spreads that virtually everywhere one looks, there is a pending shortage of battery-critical materials essential for the electrification revolution to realize its full potential and growing concerns of overreliance on China for such materials already, ramping up local supply of these materials remains problematic. One consistent obstacle is government regulations around mining—the key element in domesticating the battery supply chain and reducing reliance on China and other less-than-friendly regimes. Sweden, home to many materials that could be mined to supply the burgeoning EV battery demand in EU,&nbsp;has been called out recently&nbsp;for its slow regulatory process when it comes to approving new mines in the country. In the US, there is an&nbsp;industry push to shorten and streamline&nbsp;the US mine permit review process. As companies who are looking to develop domestic supply of everything from lithium, to graphite, to rare earths and more prosaic metals such as nickel and copper, continue to bleed red ink due to permitting delays of their major projects, government regulations continue to erect barriers and raise the cost of developing such projects, which appear contrary to many governments’ stated goals and deadlines for sufficiently reducing, if not outright eliminating, dependence on fossil fuels as the basis for the economy. As the saying goes, something’s gotta give.
More investments and intentions announced.&nbsp;Toyota, long viewed as a laggard in EV transition race, announced it will invest close to&nbsp;$5.6 billion into making more EV batteries in the US and Japan, with the goal of raising its production capacity by 40 GWh. The company announced that $2.5 billion of that will go toward its investments into the&nbsp;North Carolina battery plant&nbsp;that will supply batteries for both hybrid as well as fully electric vehicles. Initial production is expected in 2025.
Meanwhile, American Manganese Inc. (OTC: AMYZF) announced that its RecycLiCo Battery Materials arm, in partnership with Kemetco Research Inc., has successfully run a bench test whereby&nbsp;the patented process recovered more than 99% of the lithium&nbsp;contained in lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery cathode materials, extending the process ability, previously demonstrated for nickel-rich, manganese-rich and cobalt-rich cathode chemistries. As we highlighted in our previous issue, work continues on other, non-battery-based energy alternatives, such as hydrogen fuel cells. Recently, German&nbsp;Bosch announced plans to invest $200 million&nbsp;in its US capacity to produce said fuel cells at its South Carolina plant.
Automotive &amp; Transportation
We’re not out of the woods yet.&nbsp;Although new car sales comps are beginning to turn positive, as we mentioned above, we note that August improvements (and we expect the remainder of the year to follow suit) came against record low production levels seen in 2H21 and the global industry remains materially below 2019 production levels. Many issues that have plagued the industry over the last three years remain. Thus,&nbsp;Volvo will temporarily close its plant in the Chinese city&nbsp;of Chengdu due to local coronavirus restrictions.&nbsp;Stellantis halted its Sevel van-making plant&nbsp;in central Italy due to a shortage in supplies of parts.&nbsp;Toyota announced that its global output sank&nbsp;for the fourth straight month in July, as a shortage of semiconductors and supply chain disruptions caused by COVID lockdowns in China hurt production. With the world possibly entering a recession, big ticket items such as new cars may continue to see an uneven recovery in demand, even off the 2021-22 lows. While Y/Y growth in new vehicle registrations is encouraging, ongoing issues with semiconductor and other parts supplies, logistical snags, and on-again-off-again production in China as rolling COVID lockdowns continue, the industry still seems some way off from regaining its footing.
Chemicals and Materials Technology in the News
Architectural coatings market growth intact.&nbsp;A report by&nbsp;Research and Markets forecasts that global demand for architectural coatings&nbsp;will continue to grow at above GDP rates, driven by residential construction and remodeling, as well as commercial and infrastructure projects. The global market for architectural coatings estimated at $64.2 billion in 2022 is projected to grow at a 4.9% CAGR through 2026, reaching $79.5 billion by 2026. While this is a positive for PPG, Masco (NYSE: MAS), which supplies Behr and Kilz brand paints to Home Depot (NYSE: HD), and Berkshire Hathaway’s Benjamin Moore paint, it is particularly impactful for SHW, which dominates the paint market in the US and is one of the leading global suppliers of architectural coatings. Furthermore, with the Do It For Me&nbsp;(DIFM) trend growing once more in the US&nbsp;in the wake of COVID lockdowns, SHW may benefit disproportionately, given its extensive company-owned contractor paint stores across the country and in Canada.
Recent WTR Publications and Upcoming Events
Management Series Report – Loop Industries Founder and CEO Daniel Solomita (NASDAQ: LOOP)
Management Series Report and 2Q22 Update for Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
Fireside Chat with Management of Loop Industries (NASDAQ: LOOP)
Fireside Chat with Management of Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
Initiation of Coverage – Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
DISCLOSURES

Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.  WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.  Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.  Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.  WTR is being compensated for its research by the company which is the subject of this report. WTR receives no more than a maximum of $10,500 per month from a given client and is required to have at least a 6-month commitment. None of the earned fees are contingent on, and WTR’s client agreements are not cancellable for the content of its reports. WTR does not accept any compensation in the form of warrants or stock options or other equity instruments that could increase in value based on positive coverage in its reports.  WTR or an affiliate may seek to receive compensation for non-research services to covered companies, such as charges for presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services that WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.  The manner of WTR’s research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly-written compliance guidelines.  The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors, agents or affiliate shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.  All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.

Mat-Chem Notes for the Week Ended September 4 2022

KEY HIGHLIGHTS

WTR-CMI last week.&nbsp;The stock market continued to claw back from summer lows last week, with the S&amp;P 500 appreciating 3.3% W/W and the broader Russell 2000 posting a 4.9% gain. Unlike the previous week however, our WTR-CMI index of 30 chemicals and materials technology stocks outpaced both broader indexes with a 7.8% improvement, led by lithium stocks buoyed by continuing strong demand for EVs and&nbsp;sticky lithium prices that are expected to remain elevated. EAF, whose investors continue to digest the secondary offering, PKE, and AVD were the underperformers in our index last week.
AVNT’s transformation continues.&nbsp;The company announced an&nbsp;agreement to sell its domestic plastic Distribution business to H.I.G. Capital&nbsp;for $950 million in cash, or about 10x TTM EBITDA, a valuation reflective of the business’ strong market position in North America and industry-leading operating margins. Net proceeds of ~$750 million will be used to de-lever the balance sheet following the recent DSM acquisition.
ALB going all-in in North Carolina.&nbsp;The leading global lithium producer has&nbsp;plans for a mega-plant in North Carolina&nbsp;that would process 100,000 metric tons (mt) of lithium annually, using spodumene from the company’s Kings Mountain mine, other sources, as well as recycled material, once widely available. The project is in the pre-feasibility stage with a tentative date of 2029.
July Chinese new car sales show strong growth.&nbsp;It appears that&nbsp;July new passenger car sales in China increased 40% Y/Y&nbsp;as the country continues to recover from COVID lockdowns that crushed late spring demand. However, while&nbsp;new energy vehicle (NEV) sales were up a strong 129% Y/Y&nbsp;in the month, they were down M/M compared with a record June,&nbsp;while overall sales slipped 3% versus June. Also, YTD new passenger vehicle sales were still down 2% compared with the first seven months of 2021. Commercial vehicles were also down 22% Y/Y in July.
Seed treatment applications projected to grow.&nbsp;According to a&nbsp;new study by MarketsandMarkets, the seed treatment market is expected to grow at an 8.3% CAGR over the next five years, even faster for biobased ingredients, which is a positive for BIOX, which is building all-biobased seed treatment options.

WTR-CMI WEEKLY PERFORMANCE


Source: YCharts; August 12 close

Ag-Tech and Bio-Ag
A tough end to a tough season.&nbsp;In the 2021-22 ag season, farmers had to deal with skyrocketing prices for ag inputs, from seeds to fertilizers to pesticides, as well as surging diesel and gasoline costs, supply chain disruptions, and uncooperative weather. Despite all that, US farmers planted near-record acres and were expecting, with the USDA’s blessing, near-record yields for their row crops. However, late plantings, high heat, drought, and high winds appear to be taking the shine off bullish bushel expectations. In its August 12 report,&nbsp;the USDA&nbsp;reduced yield expectations for corn and raised them slightly for soybean, although the latter has drawn some skepticism and may or may not be confirmed with field tours. In fact, lack of rain appears to have affected crop conditions in&nbsp;Nebraska&nbsp;and&nbsp;Iowa, shaving off the more optimistic yield projections.
Despite still high commodity prices and, in our opinion, high likelihood that they will remain elevated into 2023, given global supply and food scarcity concerns, 2022 farmer income may be down more than 50% from a record 2021 due mainly to record price increases in crop inputs, fuel, and energy. A report from&nbsp;the University of Illinois forecasts&nbsp;that with input and farmland cost continuing to increase and revenues staying flattish, farm income in 2022-23 may decline as much as 80% compared with this year! That would not be good news for farmers or major suppliers in the ag industry, as it is difficult to imagine farmers maintaining their purchasing power and being able to afford the volume and price of inputs that they were able to handle this year. While this may provide opportunities for emerging biobased input companies, like BIOX and BHIL, to gain market share and expand their geographic and crop footprint, it may not be good news for ag input majors, such as CTVA, AVD, FMC, and CF, as they may experience demand destruction due to high prices, seed margin pressures from elevated energy and raw material costs, and may have to reduce their own prices to sustain demand.
Battery Materials &amp; Energy Transformation
China’s dominance remains conspicuous.&nbsp;While several companies are attempting to establish a presence in the EV battery industry, including some profiled in these updates,&nbsp;half of all batteries installed in 1H22 came from two Chinese companies—CATL and BYD—according to market research company SNE Research, underscoring China’s continued dominance and control over the EV industry supply chain, from lithium and graphite materials to cell and battery pack manufacturing. Although the country is the largest EV market, growing at the fastest pace, which helps explain the initial rush by global battery and materials players to establish operations in China, the COVID-induced supply chain disruptions, the war in Ukraine and its economic aftermath, and China’s increasingly aggressive posture toward Taiwan, APAC, and the West, have given industry players pause and led to increasing efforts to domesticate supply of critical materials and components, or at the very least diversify the supply away from China. Clearly, these efforts are still in the very early stages with few noticeable results as of yet. Nonetheless, we believe domestic suppliers, as well as those outside of China, will continue to receive more attention and capital from both existing and emerging battery manufacturers, as well as EV OEMs—Tesla’s recent contracts worth $5 billion&nbsp;with Indonesia’s nickel converters being but the latest example. We see these trends as being highly positive for companies looking to establish domestic lithium and graphite production, such as ALB, PLL, LAC, WWR, and NMG.
Yet another way to skin the EV battery cat.&nbsp;As the green energy industry continues to grow and evolve, new technologies, chemistries, and manufacturing methods are being explored and developed to help the world accelerate the transition to a non-fossil energy paradigm. Such efforts range from novel sources of lithium (like geothermal wells and the Great Salt Lake) to solid state battery technologies to novel battery cathode and anode chemistries. Yet another wrinkle being added is 3-D printing of batteries, as exemplified by&nbsp;Sakuu, a California-based developer&nbsp;of such technologies, which recently opened a new engineering center in Silicon Valley, having raised more than $60 million in funding earlier this year. Solid state batteries offer real advantages versus current EV battery technology, but efforts to successfully scale up pilot plant processes have so far fallen short of expectations. Nevertheless, the technology remains an attractive area of R&amp;D and perhaps the 3D printing approach can be the final piece of the puzzle to commercial production and industry acceptance.
Chemicals and Materials Technology in the News
Five- to 10-year growth prospects remain robust for many industry sectors.&nbsp;Used in everything from adhesives to coatings to composites, epoxy resins are an important part of the chemicals and materials industry. A recent report by Fact.MR, a market research and competitive intelligence provider, forecasts that the&nbsp;epoxy resin industry will experience a 6.9% CAGR over this decade, or more than twice the expected growth of global GDP, making the sector a clear GDP-plus grower, which should appeal to growth investors. Light-weighting in automotive and transportation applications, superior strength in wind and solar applications, and growing usage in construction applications are driving this strong growth. We see this as a positive for several companies in our index, including AVNT, FUL, HXL, and RPM, as well as commodity chemicals players such as DOW and HUN. The&nbsp;global plastics market, which is expected to reach nearly $800 billion in 2022 is projected to grow at slightly GDP-plus rate of 3.7% CAGR through 2032, driven by continuing product substitution and light-weighting trends and despite the increasing efforts to reduce or eliminate single use plastics. Within this massive markets, certain sub-sectors are expected to see even faster growth. Thus, the&nbsp;polyolefin elastomer and plastomer market&nbsp;is expected to grow at nearly double the rate of the plastics industry overall, or a 7.6% CAGR through 2031, reaching nearly $8 billion in sales by that time. And the much larger&nbsp;plastic market for automotive applications, which is valued at $31 billion annually, is expected to grow at a 5.3% CAGR and reach $45 billion by 2028. We see these trends as being highly beneficial to AVNT, a global leader in engineered plastics and composites. We also believe the growing trend toward recyclability and away from fossil-based raw materials will benefit companies such as Loop Industries, Inc. (NASDAQ: LOOP).
High prices and stalled economy are not a good recipe.&nbsp;Even as&nbsp;pricing dynamics for basic chemicals&nbsp;and raw materials are improving, as prices of commodities come off early summer highs, the global economic slowdown, and outright recession that may be overtaking developed countries in 2H22 are continuing to&nbsp;worry both company executives and investors. The chemicals and materials technology sector, situated between basic commodity chemicals producers and industry and consumer end-customers, may be better positioned to weather these headwinds versus other markets, as they are likely to continue to drive higher prices into the market in 2H22 and perhaps even 1H23, while seeing their RM costs begin to decline, at least sequentially. As these companies’ cost structure contain higher levels of variable versus fixed costs, the negative impact on margins of expected volume declines won’t be nearly as strong as the positive impact of shrinking RM-cost and selling-price spreads, helping margin recovery and driving higher valuations and stock prices in the process.
Circular economy.&nbsp;Speaking of packaging and single-use plastics, industry efforts continue to address the sustainability characteristics of packaging in general and plastic packaging in particular. Certainly a major force behind the evolution is the&nbsp;increasing government focus on the issue of sustainability and circular economy, with ever stricter regulations and out-year targets for carbon net-zero, and other societal initiatives. However, just as important is the voice of the consumer and business’ efforts to innovate to drive product differentiation in an increasingly competitive market segments. Coca-Cola’s drive to&nbsp;reinvent the water/pop plastic bottle with high recycled content, in some cases as high as 100%, is one such example. A new kid on the block—Loop Industries—whose technology allows for the production of virgin-quality PET resins from no- to low-value plastic waste specifically for beverage bottles and other packaging applications may stand to benefit from brand owners developing programs to meet regulatory goals on recycled content and circular economy. In fact, the company already has a success story with the 2022 launch of its branded Infinite LOOPTM&nbsp;PET resin bottle with Avian in South Korea and the more recent partnership with Danone.
Rating and Price Target Changes
ALB –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank raise its price target (PT) to $270 from $255 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
CMP –&nbsp;Stifel raised its PT to $70 from $69 and reiterated its Buy rating.
CTVA –&nbsp;JP Morgan upgraded the stock to Buy from Neutral and raised its PT to $63 from $58; Roth raised its PT to $74 from $67 and reiterated its Buy rating; Citigroup raised its PT to $69 from $63 and reiterated its Buy rating; Deutsche Bank lowered its PT to $68 from $72 and reiterated its Buy rating; Mizuho Securities raised its PT to $69 from $68 and reiterated its Buy rating; RBC raised its PT to $72 from $67 and reiterated its Outperform rating; Berenberg Bank raised its PT to $66 from $58 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
EAF –&nbsp;Citigroup lowered its PT to $7.50 from $10 and maintained its Neutral rating; Credit Suisse lowered its PT to $13 from $16 and reiterated its Outperform rating.
KWR –&nbsp;Deutsche Bank raised its PT to $210 from $175 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
VVV –&nbsp;Citigroup lowered its PT to $35 from $37 and reiterated its Buy recommendation.
Recent WTR Publications and Upcoming Events
Upcoming Events
Fireside Chat with Management of Loop Industries, Inc. (NASDAQ: LOOP)
Recent Events and Publications
Management Series Report and 2Q22 Update for Westwater Resources, Inc. (NYSE: WWR)
Fireside Chat with Management of Westwater Resources (NYSE: WWR)
Initiation of Coverage – Westwater Resources, Inc.
Management Series Report – Marrone Bio Innovations CEO Kevin Helash
DISCLOSURES

Water Tower Research (“WTR”) is a professional publisher of investment research reports on public companies and, to a lesser extent, private firms (“the Companies”). WTR provides investor-focused content and digital distribution strategies designed to help companies communicate with investors.  WTR is not a registered investment adviser or a broker/dealer nor does WTR provide investment banking services. WTR operates as an exempt investment adviser under the so called “publishers’ exemption” from the definition of investment adviser under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. WTR does not provide investment ratings / recommendations or price targets on the companies it reports on. Readers are advised that the research reports are published and provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities or the rendering of investment advice. The information provided in this report should not be construed in any manner whatsoever as personalized advice. All users and readers of WTR’s reports are cautioned to consult their own independent financial, tax and legal advisors prior to purchasing or selling securities.  Dmitry Silversteyn, who is the writer of this report, covers the BioEconomy and Chemicals &amp; Materials Technology sectors for WTR. Mr. Silversteyn and members of his household have no personal or business-related relationship to the subject company other than providing digital content and any ancillary services WTR may offer.  Unless otherwise indicated, WTR intends to provide continuing coverage of the covered companies. WTR will notify its readers through website postings or other appropriate means if WTR determines to terminate coverage of any of the companies covered.  WTR is being compensated for its research by the company which is the subject of this report. WTR receives no more than a maximum of $10,500 per month from a given client and is required to have at least a 6-month commitment. None of the earned fees are contingent on, and WTR’s client agreements are not cancellable for the content of its reports. WTR does not accept any compensation in the form of warrants or stock options or other equity instruments that could increase in value based on positive coverage in its reports.  WTR or an affiliate may seek to receive compensation for non-research services to covered companies, such as charges for presenting at sponsored investor conferences, distributing press releases, advising on investor relations and broader corporate communications and public relations strategies as well as performing certain other related services (“Ancillary Services”). The companies that WTR covers in our research are not required to purchase or use Ancillary Services that WTR or an affiliate might offer to clients.  The manner of WTR’s research compensation and Ancillary Services to covered companies raise actual and perceived conflicts of interest. WTR is committed to manage those conflicts to protect its reputation and the objectivity of employees/analysts by adhering to strictly-written compliance guidelines.  The views and analyses included in our research reports are based on current public information that we consider to be reliable, but no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to their accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correctness. Neither we nor our analysts, directors, officers, employees, representatives, independent contractors, agents or affiliate shall be liable for any omissions, errors or inaccuracies, regardless of cause, foreseeability or the lack of timeliness of, or any delay or interruptions in the transmission of our reports to content users. This lack of liability extends to direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, losses, lost income, lost profit or opportunity costs.  All investment information contained herein should be independently verified by the reader or user of this report. For additional information, all readers of this report are encouraged to visit WTR’s website www.watertowerresearch.com.

Mat-Chem Notes for the Week Ended August 14, 2022

United States

Materion Corporation, through its subsidiaries, produces and supplies high-performance engineered materials.  The Company provides beryllium, beryllium alloys and electronic products, as well as engineered material systems. Materion has manufacturing facilities, service and distribution centers, and research facilities in the United States and internationally.

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Materion Corp (MTRN US)

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