Financials & FinTech research, Galliano’s Financials Research

Victor Galliano

Financials & FinTech research

Financials & FinTech, EM & Developed Markets

Galliano’s Financials Research

Galliano's Financials Research provides fundamental research in Emerging Markets financials, including FinTech, as well as financials in select Developed Markets.

The investment style applied is generally value oriented, although Growth At Reasonable Price (GARP) strategies can also be used where appropriate. 

Our investment research approach aim is often contrarian, looking to capitalise on overly sceptical or optimistic consensus views. In terms of valuation techniques, the focus is on PBV ratio to ROE, PE multiples and dividend yield, as well as the application of PEG ratios and, where appropriate, Sum of the Parts (SOTP) valuations.

Equity Bottom-Up

Alibaba Group Holding  / Equity Bottom-Up

<ul>
<li>The pilot launch of the e-CNY, China’s sovereign digital currency effectively competes with domestic mobile payment apps including Alipay, WeChat and Weixin Pay; the e-CNY registered 261m downloads in 2021</li>
<li>Seven domestic commercial banks are included as the e-CNY’s operators, all of which offer extensive branch networks and large bases of retail customers to accelerate the digital currency’s distribution</li>
<li>The e-CNY’s broader digital payments usage should erode Alipay, WeChat and Weixin Pay market shares; yet we believe that the competitive threat is seemingly well discounted in Alibaba share valuations</li>
</ul>


The pilot launch of the e-CNY, China’s sovereign digital currency effectively competes with domestic mobile payment apps including Alipay, WeChat and Weixin Pay; the e-CNY registered 261m downloads in 2021
Seven domestic commercial banks are included as the e-CNY’s operators, all of which offer extensive branch networks and large bases of retail customers to accelerate the digital currency’s distribution
The e-CNY’s broader digital payments usage should erode Alipay, WeChat and Weixin Pay market shares; yet we believe that the competitive threat is seemingly well discounted in Alibaba share valuations


China’s Central Bank Digital Currency; Is It a Major Threat to Non-Bank Digital Payment Providers?

Postal Savings Bank of China C / Equity Bottom-Up

<ul>
<li>The China real estate situation remains challenging for banks credit quality, with more real estate developers in financial difficulties, with them either close to, or at default</li>
<li>The macro-economic picture is challenged by China’s zero-Covid policy hurting supply chains, and PBOC is tightening liquidity despite the recent small cuts to reserve requirements and benchmark rates</li>
<li>Before 4Q21 results, the larger cap banks’ credit quality snapshot shows that China Minsheng is very challenged, with Postal Savings Bank and China Merchants in strong positions</li>
</ul>


The China real estate situation remains challenging for banks credit quality, with more real estate developers in financial difficulties, with them either close to, or at default
The macro-economic picture is challenged by China’s zero-Covid policy hurting supply chains, and PBOC is tightening liquidity despite the recent small cuts to reserve requirements and benchmark rates
Before 4Q21 results, the larger cap banks’ credit quality snapshot shows that China Minsheng is very challenged, with Postal Savings Bank and China Merchants in strong positions


China Banks – Credit Quality Snapshot Ahead of 4Q21

Silver Point

Thomas J. Monaco

Independent Insight Provider

Silver Point is a boutique research firm that focuses on the broader financial services sector, with a particular focus on troubled institutions globally. 

Asia Ex Japan

China Merchants Bank H / Equity Bottom-Up

<ul>
<li>
Competitor Call Reveals Numerous Additional Risks Which Will Weigh On Results. </li>
<li>No Clarity On Go Forward Core Bottom-Line, Especially Gains and Loss Provisions. </li>
<li>Reserve to NPLs Looks Overstated, as WMP and Securities Are Included In Loan Reserves. </li>
</ul>



Competitor Call Reveals Numerous Additional Risks Which Will Weigh On Results. 
No Clarity On Go Forward Core Bottom-Line, Especially Gains and Loss Provisions. 
Reserve to NPLs Looks Overstated, as WMP and Securities Are Included In Loan Reserves. 


China Merchants Bank – Accelerating Risk

*Blowout 3Q21 Results: Established in 2007, Postal Savings Bank of China (1658.HK) [PSB], mainland China’s youngest large commercial bank, reported 3Q21 bottom-line results of CNY 23.5 bn – increasing CNY 3.7 bn (18.6%) linked quarter. Much of the improvement at PSB is due to credit leverage, as loss provisions declined CNY 9.3 bn (54.3%); and*Credit Quality Continues Its Positive Turn, But Reserves More Than Adequate: Net new NPLs did increase CNY 7.8 bn or 61.0% annualized versus CNY 14.9 bn or 116.6% at 2Q21. Despite the increase in net new NPLs, it would appear that PSB’s reserves would remain excessive to the tune of CNY 100 bn or about a year of pre-tax profits – begging the question of why not reverse loss reserves?

*Blowout 3Q21 Results: Established in 2007, Postal Savings Bank of China (1658.HK) [PSB], mainland China’s youngest large commercial bank, reported 3Q21 bottom-line results of CNY 23.5 bn – increasing CNY 3.7 bn (18.6%) linked quarter. Much of the improvement at PSB is due to credit leverage, as loss provisions declined CNY 9.3 bn (54.3%); and*Credit Quality Continues Its Positive Turn, But Reserves More Than Adequate: Net new NPLs did increase CNY 7.8 bn or 61.0% annualized versus CNY 14.9 bn or 116.6% at 2Q21. Despite the increase in net new NPLs, it would appear that PSB’s reserves would remain excessive to the tune of CNY 100 bn or about a year of pre-tax profits – begging the question of why not reverse loss reserves?

Postal Savings Bank of China – Reserve Reversals Expected

<ul>
<li>In this report we conduct a credit quality review of eleven Chinese banks ahead of 3Q21 results, in the light of the Evergrande and real estate sector headwinds; we also assess the banks’ profitability ratios and their capacity to absorb increasing credit losses</li>
<li>We examine the NPL provisioning levels of Chinese banks and, more importantly, we supplement domestic headline NPL ratio metrics with their domestic category of Special Mention loans</li>
<li>In addition, we compare these domestic metrics to internationally recognised IFRS yardsticks of stage 2 and Stage 3 loans</li>
<li>A recent academic study estimates that Chinese banks’ loan delinquency levels could be two to four times higher than the stated NPL ratio, due largely to “hidden” NPLs through off balance sheet exposures</li>
<li>With the increased concern regarding real estate and mortgage exposures in particular, we research on-balance credit quality metrics in this report, broadening and deepening the credit quality assessment of Chinese banks with the aim to better capture credit impairments as well as sub-standard credit quality</li>
<li>We conclude that the best placed Chinese banks to weather the worsening headwinds on credit quality are <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-merchants-bank-co-ltd-3388a037-4214-4997-b45d-520518cfdb57" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:10987:1" rel="noopener">China Merchants Bank H (3968 HK)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/postal-savings-bank-of-china" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:22848:1" rel="noopener">Postal Savings Bank of China (1658 HK)</a> with <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/industrial-and-commercial-bank-of-china-limited" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:1119:1" rel="noopener">ICBC (H) (1398 HK)</a> being one name to watch; the most exposed to further credit quality deterioration, in our view, are <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-minsheng-banking-h" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:8983:1" rel="noopener">China Minsheng Banking H (1988 HK)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-citic-bank-corp-ltd-ea6c25fd-4b20-45cb-a4a6-df7a60136f03" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:653:1" rel="noopener">China Citic Bank Corp Ltd H (998 HK)</a> </li>
<li>Risks to our positive view on PSBC and China Merchants Bank include worse than expected delinquency ratios going forward, especially in mortgage and real estate, driving cost of risk charges higher; upside risks to our negative view on China Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank include better than expected credit quality easing the pressure on cost of risk charges</li>
</ul>


In this report we conduct a credit quality review of eleven Chinese banks ahead of 3Q21 results, in the light of the Evergrande and real estate sector headwinds; we also assess the banks’ profitability ratios and their capacity to absorb increasing credit losses
We examine the NPL provisioning levels of Chinese banks and, more importantly, we supplement domestic headline NPL ratio metrics with their domestic category of Special Mention loans
In addition, we compare these domestic metrics to internationally recognised IFRS yardsticks of stage 2 and Stage 3 loans
A recent academic study estimates that Chinese banks’ loan delinquency levels could be two to four times higher than the stated NPL ratio, due largely to “hidden” NPLs through off balance sheet exposures
With the increased concern regarding real estate and mortgage exposures in particular, we research on-balance credit quality metrics in this report, broadening and deepening the credit quality assessment of Chinese banks with the aim to better capture credit impairments as well as sub-standard credit quality
We conclude that the best placed Chinese banks to weather the worsening headwinds on credit quality are China Merchants Bank H (3968 HK) and Postal Savings Bank of China (1658 HK) with ICBC (H) (1398 HK) being one name to watch; the most exposed to further credit quality deterioration, in our view, are China Minsheng Banking H (1988 HK) and China Citic Bank Corp Ltd H (998 HK) 
Risks to our positive view on PSBC and China Merchants Bank include worse than expected delinquency ratios going forward, especially in mortgage and real estate, driving cost of risk charges higher; upside risks to our negative view on China Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank include better than expected credit quality easing the pressure on cost of risk charges


Chinese Banks – Focusing on the Credit Quality Challenge

China

Postal Savings Bank of China Co., Ltd. provides banking services. The Company offers deposits, loans, fund settlement, and other services. Postal Savings Bank of China provides its services to individuals, enterprises, and other clients.

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Postal Savings Bank of China C (1658 HK)

China’s Central Bank Digital Currency; Is It a Major Threat to Non-Bank Digital Payment Providers?

The digital yuan's growth in digital payments usage could erode Alipay and Tencent app market shares; yet we think the competitive threat is...

Victor Galliano

China Banks – Credit Quality Snapshot Ahead of 4Q21

Ahead of the first China larger cap banks to report 4Q21 at month-end, our snapshot of 3Q21 NPL metrics outlines the most challenged - China...

Victor Galliano

China Merchants Bank – Accelerating Risk

CHINA MERCHANTS BANK: A discussion over the use of gains and a drop in loss provisions during 3Q21 would have been a better use of time. CMB’s core...

Thomas J. Monaco

Postal Savings Bank of China – Reserve Reversals Expected

POSTAL SAVINGS BANK: PSB's QOQ 3Q21 increased 18.6%, due largely to credit leverage and net interest income improvement. PSB’s reserves appear...

Thomas J. Monaco

Chinese Banks – Focusing on the Credit Quality Challenge

Chinese bank headline NPLs understate the system's credit risks at a problematic time; looking beyond the stated NPLs, we like China Merchants &...

Victor Galliano

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