Brief Macro: UK Trip – Wake up to Deflation Risk and more

In this briefing:

1. UK Trip – Wake up to Deflation Risk
2. Philippines: Institutional Reforms that Promote Macro Stability
3. Prabowo Errs Again; Widodo Lead Intact; Riady’s Mei-Egg-Karta; BI Holds; Repsol’s Find; Debate Text
4. US Dollar Demand – Fading Appetite

1. UK Trip – Wake up to Deflation Risk

By Bo Zhuang, Chief China Economist

• London-based investors are turning cautiously optimistic on China’s growth outlook amid the latest easing measures in January
• There is still little awareness about the rising deflation risk
• Interest in the trade war has subsided

2. Philippines: Institutional Reforms that Promote Macro Stability

• Legislation on rice tariffication signed by President Duterte into law allows for liberal rice imports, thus, effectively dismantling the State regulatory control over the grains sector. This bodes well for stabilizing food inflation that has been the scourge of low income groups. Lower food prices over time help anchor inflation expectations while ‘freeing’ up purchasing power among low income households for redeployment to support non-food demand. Rice imports would be slapped tariffs with the proceeds targeted at developmental support for vulnerable local rice farmers.

• Market segmentation (between local and imported rice), bias for affordable food choices among households with limited incomes, and fiscal interventions to attain food security, would spare the local market from the heavy assault of rice imports. 

• As these laws on rice tariffication and BSP charter amendments gain traction, we expect the BSP to depend largely on market-based, policy tools in inflation and liquidity management. As high bank reserve ratios lose policy relevance, we sense the likelihood of a conversion to a single-digit reserve ratio over the medium-term. This policy outcome augurs for lower intermediation costs among banks that hopefully translates into better yielding, regular savings and time deposits that could appeal to low income depositors. 

• Inclusive of the TRAIN law package 1 that’s intact despite the high inflation challenge, the recent institutional reforms provide the backdrop for another round of investment-credit ratings upgrade.

3. Prabowo Errs Again; Widodo Lead Intact; Riady’s Mei-Egg-Karta; BI Holds; Repsol’s Find; Debate Text

Prabowo again squandered a chance in a debate to gain ground, as Widodo appeared more confident and in command.  Prabowo’s incessant efforts to sow fear of foreigners does little to weaken his opponent.  Widodo’s lead was intact as of late January, despite claims from two pollsters (Indomatrik, Median) who are demonstrably unreliable or even fraudulent.  Lippo Group owner James Riady suffered repudiation: after having testified in court that he met the Bekasi District chief by coincidence and did not discuss his Meikarta project with her, KPK prosecutors played a phone recording that shows otherwise.  BI has held rates steady, citing the current account deficit after a gaping January trade deficit.  The government continues its efforts to sack more than 2,000 civil servants who are corruption convicts.  Repsol discovered gas in South Sumatra. 

Politics: The second of five debates in the presidential election marked another missed opportunity for Gerindra Chair Prabowo Subianto to gain ground on President Joko Widodo.  Instead, the incumbent again landed blows that hurt the retired general, highlighting his unfamiliarity with e-commerce jargon and drawing attention to his land assets measuring 340,000 ha.  For his part, Prabowo pointedly projected a conciliatory demeanor, perhaps to dispel perceptions that he is temperamental, but it squandered a chance to assail the incumbent and thereby persuade voters to opt for change.  Prabowo adhered to form by advocating protectionism and expansion of state involvement in the economy.  He used nearly every answer to disparage foreigners, which is an error: sowing suspicion of foreigners does little to weaken his opponent (Page 2) (Transcript translated by Ref Wkly, p. 8).  Hard‑line Islamic groups convened again in Jakarta (p. 3). 

Surveys: In the July 2014 election, the Center for Strategic Development and Policy Studies (Puskaptis) performed a Quick Count survey of ballot‑station results that declared Prabowo the winner, and the Association of Polling Firms (Persepsi) ousted Puskaptis from its ranks.  But the head, Hasan Yazid, has re‑emerged as the founder of Indomatrik, another purported polling firm.  Yazid claims to have findings showing Prabowo’s support on par with Widodo’s.  Along with supposed findings from another obscure agency, Median, this is injecting confusion into perceptions of the presidential election.  In fact, two reputable agencies determined in late January that Widodo’s lead was intact (p. 4).   

Justice: In the Meikarta‑Lippo bribery scandal, prosecutors dispute the testimony provided in court last month by group owner James Riady (p. 5).  Information Minister Rudiantara faced questioning from the Election Oversight Agency (Bawaslu) for having jested, in an event with ministry personnel, about preferences for presidential tickets (p. 7).

Policy News: Cabinet members are preparing measures that will finally force regional officials to sack civil servants convicted of corruption (p. 7). 

Energy: Spain’s Repsol announced the largest gas discovery in 18 years – a reservoir in Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatra measuring two trillion cubic feet (p. 8).

Economics: Bank Indonesia (BI) kept its benchmark rate unchanged at 6.0% (p. 9).

Appendix: The presidential candidates debated the topics of infrastructure, the environment and natural resources on 17 February (transcript and analysis, p. 9).

4. US Dollar Demand – Fading Appetite

In 2011 the world experienced the best year of demand expansion – in US dollar terms – in any year since the financial crisis, until 2018 that is. But you would hardly realise that that was the case by reading the newswires, the stories there since early 2018 have been about ‘synchronised slowdown’ and, in particular, the demand downdraft from China. The reality is that developed countries (the US, EU, UK and Japan) plus developing Asia (China, India and the Asean-4) produced US$4.1trn of ‘new’ GDP demand in 2011 and in 2018 was on course to produce US$4.1trn in new dollar demand.