In this report, we will explain our strategy for trading NCsoft Corp (036570 KS) shares in 2019. NCsoft is expected to launch five new mobile games in 2019 including “Lineage 2M”, “AION 2”, “Blade & Soul 2”, “Blade & Soul M”, and “Blade & Soul S”. These five new games are based on its existing MMORPG franchise games. The company is hoping to release all five of these new mobile games in 1H 2019.
Lineage 2M, which is perhaps the most anticipated mobile game among these five games, is expected to be launched in 2Q19. Traders are starting to gear up for the launch of this important game in the coming months. Many investors are likely to take the “buy on rumor and sell on news” strategy, which in this case the news would refer to the launch of the Lineage 2M game.
Nonetheless, in this case, we believe that because many investors may be getting ready to sell NCsoft near the launch date of Lineage 2M, many savvy investors are likely to sell their shares a few days/weeks earlier than the actual launch date. At this point, the most likely period as to when Lineage 2M may be launched is in May 2019. As a result, a good time to consider selling NCsoft may be sometime in March/April 2019.
Japan Hotel Reit Investment (8985 JP) (JHR) plans to raise around US$300m/JPY33bn to part fund the acquisition of Hilton properties located in Tokyo and Osaka.
We have previously covered four other capital raising by JHR:
The prior-deals have given mixed bag results over the short-term. In this insight, we will run the deal through our framework and analyse past performance.
In this week’s GER M&A wrap, we highlight the dwindling likelihood of a follow-on deal for Don Quijote Holdings (7532 JP) , which is now trading below terms. Secondly, we take a contrarian view on the M1 Ltd (M1 SP) deal and contend there is less likely to be a bidding war. Finally, we update on rejected by Healius (HLS AU) and provide a comprehensive list of upcoming catalysts for near-term M&A deals.
The rest of our event-driven research can be found below.
Best of luck for the new week – Rickin, Venkat and Arun
Value made a comeback, but growth remains core: In May 2018, we examined the divide between value and growth stocks, ( Notes from the Silk Road: Small-Mid Cap Screening for Zulu Warriors). As Q3 unfolded, this eventuated with a +7.5% reversal in favour of value stocks, only to see growth resume dominance in October and November.
The optimal value/growth style dynamic: We feel exposure to growth at a reasonable price (GARP) coupled with a healthy FCF yield (via our amended Zulu Screen) should provide some healthy medium to long term returns for investors.
The Screen’s Risk: The Zulu Screen relies on analyst estimates. When market sentiment is weak and forecasts are not amended in a timely manner, the screen is susceptible to mis-selection.
Q2 2018 screening list succumbed to volatile markets: This was seen in our May screen with our list posting on average a 30% decline in share price, relative to the broader Asia-Pacific Ex-Japan declining 13.6% and the Asia Pacific index by 11.8%.
Are there reasons for the underperformance? 10 of the 19 stocks in the May screen were from Hong Kong, which saw the Hang Seng Index (HIS) decline 16% over the same period. The decrease seems due to concern over trade wars and doubts about the China economy. Our key approach to stock selection is to take a medium-to-long-term view as well as focus on quality ranked stocks relative to their peers. This is highlighted via the average stock rank of the group declining only 15.8% from 89.6 to 75.5 points.
Our Q1 2019 screen selected only 9 stocks. Of the 9 stocks identified, the average PEG Ratio was 0.4x, the price to FCF yield was 11% and ROCE was 25%. Stocks were selected from Australia, New Zealand, India, Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Cowell Fashion Company from Korea was the only remaining stock from our May screening.
NEW YEAR RALLY – From the December 25th’s lows of 8% by number and 11% by value, the percentages of Japanese stocks above the weighted sum of moving averages have recovered to 14% by number and 20% by value – just on the ‘buying zone’ line. As we expected, the Total Market Value has rallied 8.7% and looks to have some further to run, especially if the Yen reverses some of its recent strength. The Bank of Japan provided a ‘helping hand’ on both 4th and 10th January, the only days this year so far on which the market declined.
SECTORS
LEGEND: The ‘sparklines’ show the three-year trend in the weighted percentage above moving average relative to the Market Composite and the ‘STDev’ column is a measure of the variability of that relative measure. The table also provides averages for the breaks above and breaks below and the positive and negative crossovers.
SECTOR BREAKDOWN – The top six sectors measured by the percentage above the weighted average of 5-240 Days remain, predictably, domestic and defensive – REITs, Information Technology, Media and Utilities continue from our previous review with Healthcare and Transportation replacing Food, Beverages and Tobacco and Internet Content & Services. Equally predictable is the bottom half-dozen. Banks, Autos, Metals, Electrical Equipment, and Chemicals remain from 23rd December Moving Average Outliers Insight, with Building Materials replacing Non-Bank Finance. Over the last trading five days, however, there has been a noticeable reversal with Autos, Electrical Equipment, and Machinery all over ’55’ while Other Consumer Products, Restaurants, Telecommunications and Food, Beverages & Tobacco are all below ’40’.
COMPANIES
COMPANY MOVING AVERAGE OUTLIERS – As with the market and sectors, our moving average outlier indicator uses a weighted sum of the share price relative to its 5-day, 20-day, 60-day, 120 day and 240-day moving averages. Extreme values are weighted sums greater than 100% and less than -100%. We would caution that this indicator is best used for timing shorter-term reversals and, in many cases, higher highs and lower lows will be seen.
Source: Japan Analytics
THE +/-100% CLUB – The number of extreme negative outliers reached a peak for 1,352 on December 25th and has since returned to ‘normal’ levels. We suggested in the previous Insight in this series that such an extreme number of extremes was a signal of a short-term bottom, which, so far, has proved to be correct.
In the DETAIL section below, we highlight the current top and bottom twenty-five larger capitalisation outliers as well as those companies that have seen the most significant positive and negative changes in their outlier percentage in the last two weeks and provide short comments on companies of particular note.
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In November 2017, Toshiba Corp (6502 JP) bowed to the inevitable and issued shares in order to shore up shareholder equity ahead of the 31 March 2018 deadline where if the company had not announced a positive shareholder equity number, it would have been delisted according to the Enforcement Rules of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
So it issued ¥600 billion of equity in an accelerated privately-negotiated placement to hedge funds. There was some jawboning later from domestic institutions who had not gotten the show on the deal, but they would do well to remember that when Toshiba was in dire straits earlier that year, and continued listing was not guaranteed because of accounting issues which were later overcome (before the equity issuance), it was the hedge funds who bought dozens of percent of the company – not domestic financial institutions. In any case, the equity was predictably needed, but as a way of making it clear that it would not be forever, the release accompanying the financing said the company would accelerate returns to shareholders once the sale of Toshiba Memory Corporation was complete.
That return of capital to shareholders was announced in June 2018 after the closing of the TMC transaction had been confirmed. Toshiba would buy back ¥700 billion of shares. At the time, that was up to 40% of shares outstanding, but the shares rose as the shares of companies with large buyback plans do, and it took until November to dot the “i”s and cross the “t”s on making sure that the cash in the bank account was deemed distributable capital surplus. On November 8th, a year after announcing the sale of equity, Toshiba announced the start of a Very Large Buyback. A few days later the company announced a large ToSTNeT-3 buyback, offering to buy back all ¥700 billion of shares the following morning at that day’s close. A week later the company had bought back ¥243 billion or more than 35% of the total buyback then announced further purchases would be made in the market.
That’s when the fun began.
For previous recent treatment on the Toshiba buyback, see the following:
ONWARD AND OUT – ZOZO (3092 JP), formerly Start Today, has been the sixth-most-traded large capitalisation stock over the last ten trading days after Benefit One (2412 JP), Rizap (2928 JP), Takeda Pharmaceutical (4502 JP), Hoshizaki (6465 JP), and Workman Co Ltd (7564 JP). According to Nikkei XTECH, on 25th December apparel maker Onward (8016 JP) suspended selling of its products on ZOZOTOWN and will leave the platform altogether. Although Onward products are estimated to account for less than 3% of total transactions on the site, there are concerns that other apparel makers will follow suit as a result of the emerging direct competition on the site from ZOZO’s private label. Since reaching our 4.0 ‘Overbought’ threshold on 9th July 2018, ZOZO shares have corrected by 57% – the worst performance of any large cap from that date – as concerns mounted over the private brand strategy and the behaviour of CEO Yusaku Maezawa. Since bottoming on 4th January, the shares have risen by 18% following positive comments from the CEO about sales over the New Year holiday period.
PRIVATE-LABEL STRETCH GOALS– The ‘teething problems’ of ZOZO entering the private-label apparel business have been well-documented by Michael Causton in a recent Insight on Smartkarma. Michael rightly questions the feasibility of the company scaling a ¥200b apparel business within the next three years while targeting an additional incremental ¥400b in e-commerce revenue, particularly as it has taken ZOZO twenty years to reach the first ¥100b in annual revenues. In the DETAIL section below, we shall examine ZOZO’s current and possible future financial condition as it strives to become one of the top-ten global fashion retailers.
‘ZOSO’ & THE STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN – In addition to some notable purchases of modern art at record-breaking prices, CEO Maezawa also last year booked himself on Space X’s first flight to the moon. With apologies, the lyrics of the peerless song from Led Zeppelin’s untitled fourth album – known by fans as ‘Zoso’ after the symbol designed by Jimmy Page for the inner sleeve – come to mind:-
There’s a lad(y) who’s sure All that glitters is gold And (s)he’s buying a stairway to heaven When(s)he gets there (s)he knows If the stores are all closed With a word (s)he can get what (s)he came for.
We have received requests to provide a calendar of upcoming catalysts for near-term M&A, stubs and erstwhile event-driven names. Below is a list of catalysts over the near-term for such names as below. If you are interested in importing this directly into Outlook or have any further requests, please let us know.
In the semiconductor industry, particularly in the DRAM sector, there has been significant consolidation leading some to hypothesize that there’s now an oligopoly that will cause prices to normalize and thus end the business’ notorious revenue cycles. Here we will take a critical look at this argument to explain its fallacy.
Here is a look at how regions fare regarding key indicators.
PH Score = value-quality (10 variables)
FV=Franchise Valuation
RSI
TRR= Dividend-adjusted PEG factor
ROE
EY=Earnings Yield
We have created a model that incorporates these components into a system that covers>1500 banks.
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Primary/secondary Uranium supplies currently 112% of 2017 demand
Uranium supply deficits extremely unlikely before 2022
Global Uranium demand to fall 25-40% by 2050
Primary Uranium sector LT SELL
We have independently audited global nuclear construction statistics in order to determine future Uranium demand. Although near-term statistics match those in the public domain, long-term demand determined via construction pipeline illustrates substantial discrepancies. Compiling planned plant construction, operational extensions, nameplate upgrades, versus decommissioning announcements/events, and in many cases, public policy inertia; has led us to believe that despite historical primary supply shortages, global nuclear demand peaked in 2006.
Since plateauing and despite strong Chinese growth, nuclear power generation has fallen <2% over the past two decades, a decline that is predicted to accelerate as a number of developed and developing nations pursue other energy options.
The macro-trend not replacing existing nuclear infrastructure means (dependent on assumptions), according to our calculations, global uranium demand will decrease between 20 to 40% by 2050.
As opposed to signifying a fundamental change in underlying demand, we believe that recent Uranium price increases are the result of producers closing primary operations, and substituting production with purchases on the spot market to meet long-term contract obligations. In addition, hedge funds are buying physical uranium in order to realise profits on potential future commodity price increases. Critically, we determine that primary and secondary supplies are more than sufficient to meet forecast demand over the next four to five years; before taking into account substantial existing global uranium stocks, some of which are able to re-enter the spot market at short notice.
Major top and short call at USD/JPY 114 and flash decline did have a direct impact on a risk assets and the Nikkei in line with our S&P and Nikkei short calls. The second phase of USD/JPY weakness will usher in the next downturn in risk assets in late Q1 after some tactical posturing. We do view SPX 2,600 as a good level to re cycle shorts with some range work in store for February.
JPY crosses versus the AUD, GBP and Euro are currently nudging up against key resistance points that represent an interesting pivot point to stage a fresh decline (good risk aversion barometers).
We are seeing the knock on effect in Asian FX.
USD/JPY will surpass our original downside target of 108-109.
According to a local media outlet called Chosun Daily, it stated that one of the bankers in the deal (Deutsche Bank), already sent teaser letters of this deal to Tencent Holdings (700 HK) and KKR and in the teaser letter, it mentioned about potentially selling nearly 47% of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan).
The question about whether or not Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell NXC Corp (Korea) or Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan) has important consequences not just for him and his family but also to the minority shareholders of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP). If Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell NXC Corp (Korea), there may not be much upside for the minority shareholders of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) since current regulations do not require the buyers to pay potentially additional control premium to the minority shareholders as well.
However, if Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan), there may be an opportunity for the minority shareholders to gain from an additional control premium. We think that this is one of the reasons why Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) shares are up 13% YTD as some of the investors may think that there could be a higher probability that Kim Jung-Joo ends up selling Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan), instead of NXC Corp (Korea).
The Japanese telecom market was more volatile in 2018 than anticipated. However, Chris Hoare remains broadly positive on the sector for 2019. While pressure on the revenue line is intensifying, we do do not expect a price war to break out. In fact, we look for volatility to ease as the year progresses. Operators point to opex reductions and handset subsidy reductions to offset revenue weakness. We think that earnings are likely to surprise on to the upside. Over time we also look for dividend payout ratios to gradually rise, with the Softbank Corp (9434 JP) (KK) listing the long term catalyst. For Softbank Group (9984 JP) (SB) we look for market confidence to improve on the Vision Fund strategy, as profitable exits/up-valuations of assets such as Uber are announced.
The sector is recovering from NTT Docomo’s (9437 JP) price cut announcements but we don’t think they will slash prices (cuts will be selective). Our top pick is now KDDI (9433 JP) which could actually benefit from Rakuten’s (4755 JP) entry (as the roaming partner). DoCoMo is most affected but there are plenty of cost cutting opportunities. NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone) (9432 JP) has optimistic guidance with substantial opex and capex cost cuts planned. Our order of preference for the stocks is now: KDDI (Buy), followed in order by NTT (Buy), SB Group (Buy), DoCoMo (Buy) and SB Corp (Neutral). We do not currently cover Rakuten.
The year 2018 was not the brightest for cryptocurrencies; Bitcoin (XBTUSD CURNCY) fell around 70% during 2018 and top altcoins like Ethereum (ETH BGN CURNCY), Ripple and Bitcoin Cash were also down around 80%, 85% and 95% respectively during last year. While it is difficult to pinpoint a single reason for this, a number of factors including, rising security concerns, increased scrutiny, failed institutional support and Bitcoin Cash hash wars have collectively contributed to this bearish sentiment in the cryptocurrency markets last year.
In this note we take a look at several top cryptocurrency and blockchain developments from last year, to see how they would fare going into 2019.
This is a collaborative report between Douglas Kim and myself.
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In their public presentations, central banks seem to be contemplating the use of neutral interest rates (r*) in addition to unemployment/inflation theories. R* has the advantage of appearing to be subject to mathematical precision, yet it’s unobservable, and so unfalsifiable. Thus, it permits central banks to present any policy conclusion they want without fear of verifiable contradiction. R* is the policy rate that would equate the future supply of and demand for loans. It rises and falls as an economy strengthens and weakens. Long-term observation during the non-inflationary gold standard, period indicated that r* in an average economy was 2% plus, which would become 4% plus with today’s 2% inflation target. The Fed may soon end this tightening cycle with the fed funds rate at or near 2¾%, which would be r* if the rate of lending and borrowing in America remained stable thereafter. Rising (falling) lending would indicate a higher (lower) r*.
It was reported on January 3rd that Korean founder and heretofore effective controller of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) Mr. Kim Jung-Ju and family, who exercise their ownership of Nexon through near 100% (98.64% according to Douglas Kim) control of NXC Corp (Korea) and NXC’s control of NXMH B.V.B.A (Belgium), planned to sell their stakes in NXC for up to 10 trillion won (US$8.9 billion).
Those two companies – NXC Corp (Korea) and NXMH (Belgium) – own 253.6mm shares and 167.2mm shares respectively, or direct and indirect ownership by NXC of just under a 48% stake in Nexon (3659 JP). Yoo Junghyun (Kim Jung-Ju’s wife) directly holds another 5.12mm shares at last look.
Nexon was founded in Korea in 1994 and moved its headquarters from Seoul to Tokyo in 2005, listing itself on the TSE in December 2011. The company is a well-known gamemaker (over 80 PC and online/mobile games), with famous games such as MapleStory, Dungeon & Fighter, and Counter Strike.
The Korea Economic Daily said in its report on the 3rd of January that Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley had been selected as advisors to run a sale process, and a formal non-binding offer to potential bidders was expected next month. A Korea Herald article suggested that “potential buyers, according to industry speculation, include China’s Tencent, Korea’s Netmarble Games, China’s NetEase and Electronic Arts of the US.”
The Big Question
In the second piece, Douglas Kim questions whether Kim Jung-Ju would sell NXC (and NXMH) as reported by the local press, or whether NXC and NXMH would sell their stakes in Japan-listed Nexon, the implication being that if they sold the stake in Nexon, it would mean buyers would get a large stake in a single company, whereas there is a bunch of other stuff floating around in NXC and its subsidiaries.
The other question is whether Tencent or another buyer buying NXC would trigger a mandatory Tender Offer for the shares in Nexon in Japan. The letter of the law in the TOB Rules changed a bit over 10 years ago would indicate not, but there are questions (and precedents) here.
HOYA Corporation is currently trading at JPY6,867 per share which we believe is fairly valued based on our SOTP valuation. The company operates with a few stable businesses and holds solid shares in the markets in which it operates. The company generates nearly 50.0% of its revenue from its core business of selling eyeglass lenses and contact lenses. The advancement in eyeglass and contact lenses technology, the growth in global population with vision-related issues due to increased use of PCs, smartphones and tablets and an ageing population will drive demand for eyeglasses and contact lenses. Although the company’s IT Segment which generates around 33.0% of company revenue is growing slowly, the management has aggressively managed the costs to improve the segment’s pre-tax profit margin to over 40.0%. While the Lifecare segment remains the engine of revenue growth for HOYA, it focuses on the IT segment for profitability. HOYA has grown its businesses, mainly the Lifecare segment through value adding M&A deals. The company has announced that it has entered into definitive agreements to acquire US-based Mid Labs and Germany-based Fritz by the end of FY19 (March 2019). The proposed acquisitions could help HOYA to expand its footprint in the global retinal market and further its Lifecare growth. The company has a strong balance sheet with a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.3% as of 2QFY19 with cash and cash equivalents worth JPY252.3bn (35.2% of total assets).
According to our analysis, HOYA operates solid businesses with impressive ROE and positive FCF, however, we believe, the market has already factored most of this into the share price. Therefore, we believe HOYA is worth looking at on the long side if its management continues to find value adding M&A deals which complement its existing lines of business or new business opportunities which would be transformative for HOYA. Our valuation is neutral, but we favour HOYA within the sector as it has held up relatively well despite the tech sell off due to its attractive health care business and shareholder friendliness which was perhaps underappreciated while the market was in its bull phase.
The ability to have stable prices has great value.
According to Edward Gibbon, the decaying Roman Empire exhibited five hallmarks: 1) concern with displaying affluence instead of building wealth; 2) obsession with sex; 3) freakish and sensationalistic art; 4) widening disparity between the rich and the poor; and 5) increased demand to live off the state. Most DMs and many EMs display similar symptoms today because fiscal and monetary policies, the foundation of both ancient and modern societies, are identical: increasing welfare outlays by artificially inflating the money supply. The Roman Empire took more than four centuries to destroy what the Republic had built in the previous five centuries because clipping and debasing coins inflated currency supplies slowly. Entering debits and credits in the books of commercial and central banks is much more efficient.
While most news coverage is intensely focused on former Chairman Carlos Ghosn’s first public statements, defence strategy and Japan’s rather arcane justice system, we believe that news regarding the sudden “leave” of two Nissan executives is worth paying attention to as it may have ramifications for the fate of the alliance overall. We discuss the details below.
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This is the time of year that Objective Analysis releases its semiconductor forecast. This post is based upon a video posted on the WeSRCH website that explains the Objective Analysis 2019 semiconductor forecast.
Although accurate semiconductor forecasts are straightforward to produce, the consistently-accurate methodology spelled out in this Insight is rarely used.
The forecast predicts that the downturn that the industry is currently entering will be longer than most, with profits eluding chip companies until 2022.
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Global and Asia headwinds still rattle the gaming sector, but these three companies remain undervalued despite market sentiment.
Macau’s solid year end performance continues to defy projections, producing a 14% y/y GGR increase.
Galaxy will benefit disproportionately from the HKMB bridge traffic growth, MGM’s single digit market share will ramp up to double digits and Nagacorp may be the single most siloed gaming operator in all of Asia.
We are once again turning negative on Softbank Corp (9434 JP) as the stock price is now 18% above the ¥1,200 level which we mentioned looked cheap, outperforming Topix by 20% and the Nikkei by 21%.
In our view this IPO was oversold and probably to numerous weak hands who may now be looking at the large price drops that Softbank Group has occasionally suffered. We would hazard a guess that many of the individuals looking to flip the shares may still not have sold, however, if the stock dips below ¥1,200 we believe risk-reward would tilt positive until the passive buying is complete. Our view on this large drop is mostly that Softbank over-reached in terms of the size of the sale and the valuation.
The business, while subject to various headwinds should still be highly cash generative and at the current price is on just under 13x EV/OP. That’s not particularly cheap but nor is it ridiculously expensive if you believe OP will not drop (we believe it will). With a bit more of a discount and once the initial selling pressure from flippers dies down we believe the yield and passive buying should help the stock find a temporary floor. We do not view this as an attractive long-term holding in any way shape or form, but as a short-term trade the potential to make a 5-10% return on the back of a bounce following panic selling by retail supported by the yield and passive buying seems reasonably good.
Prior to that, we had flagged that retail demand for the IPO could be fragile in Softbank IPO: Signs Point to Risk of Early IPO Price Break and while there was a stronger sell-off than we expected immediately post listing, we would hazard a guess that there could still be an overhang close to the IPO price as there could be significant latent sell volume from retailers hoping to break-even and if that opportunity opens up in a weak market we believe many could choose to sell despite the rebound.
We would point to the news today regarding Softbank Group lowering its planned investment in WeWork from $16bn to just $2bn due to investors in the Vision Fund balking. As perhaps the most aggressive tech investor of the last few years, Softbank stepping back is not a good sign overall and raises questions about the viability of the valuations that other companies in its investment portfolio, namely Uber, are targeting for their upcoming IPOs. With news sources suggesting that Softbank Group is also looking to offload its Nvidia Corp (NVDA US) stake, the tide appears to have truly turned for tech in general and the chronically unprofitable platform companies such as Uber and WeWork in particular.
This raises the governance risks we initially highlighted regarding the use of Softbank Corp for funding the overall Softbank Group. As such, despite a final round of passive buying for Topix buying at the end of the month, the stock price looks vulnerable here.
Please see some recent buy ideas, all very cheap, that we believe offer decent longer term growth and have had a dreadful December. We have written on all recently and below is a summary of the main points as well as an some valuation metrics. All are sensibly priced in our view now.
This insight briefly summarises the 93 M&A transactions, with a collective deal size of ~US$215bn, published on Smartkarma in 2018.
Transactions discussed were typically Asia-Pacific-centric or concerned an outbound transaction initiated from an Asia-Pacific-listed company. The majority of these deals involved a market cap/deal size in excess of US$100mn.
During the year a number of large, high profile transactions were completed that were also extensively analysed and discussed on Smartkarma. However, if the initial discussions between the two parties (acquirer & target) took place pre-2018, they are not included in the charts above. A selection of these include (in no particular order):
You might be surprised to learn that in the ten years to 2017 Asia has outperformed advanced economies. Despite extraordinary monetary and fiscal stimulus and the damaging dollar-demand deflationary policies of the ECB, BoJ and BoE, the region is 188% larger in US dollar terms compared with 2007 while US dollar GDP per capita income is 170% higher. The parallel numbers for the advanced countries – the US, euro-area and Japan combined- are 19% and 13%. Asian stock markets have underperformed since 2010 but we believe that investors are still to fully acknowledge Asia’s strong growth fundamentals. Combined with cheap valuations there is significant upside for Asian equity markets.
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Ideally, own Bandhan Bank (BANDHAN IN) on a deal break, or wait for this deal and its spread to season a bit.
It’s still not clear that a bump or counterbid will be forthcoming in the M1 Ltd (M1 SP) deal, but at S$2.07, the risks are better than they were higher.
Healius (HLS AU) (unsurprisingly) rejects the indicative offer but Jangho is not out of the picture; nor is the possibility of a third party.
Douglas Kim revisited the news that Kim Jung-Joo wants to sell his stake in the Nexon Group. Travis Lundy also chimed in with his read of the situation. The key questions are whether Kim Jung-Ju would sell NXC (and NXMH) – which holds a 48% stake in Nexon Co – as reported by the local press, or whether NXC and NXMH would sell their stakes in Japan-listed Nexon. The implication being that if they sold the stake in Nexon, it would mean buyers would get a large stake in a single company, whereas there is a bunch of other stuff floating around in NXC and its subsidiaries.
The other question is whether Tencent Holdings (700 HK) or another buyer buying NXC would trigger a mandatory Tender Offer for the shares in Nexon in Japan. The letter of the law in the TOB Rules would indicate not, but Travis reckons Yes. If the Kim family sold their stake in NXC Corporation to a buyer, he thinks it is HIGHLY likely that the buyer would be obliged (by Japanese authorities) to conduct a tender offer for the shares of Nexon that they wanted to buy.
As a trade, this does not look like a great risk arb bet (where you make a bet that a company will get taken over) at first glance if the total trade for NXC is going to be ₩10tn. It would be a good trade if the ₩10tn number were made up of say ₩3tn of assets (in NXC), then the assumption that the current market price adding ₩7tn of assets to arrive at that total of ₩10tn would be an “estimate” of current value rather than an estimate of what it would take to get the deal done, and current market value is a significant premium to book (where NXC has heretofore reported its financials and Nexon). In that case, one might imagine that a bidding war could result in a higher price for Nexon, and an easy exit at ¥2000+/share.
Either way it would be a chunk of change which would make many buyers – even buyers from China thought to be quite wealthy – balk. A priori, Travis would want to own Nexon vs Tencent, Electronic Arts (EA US), Netease Inc (Adr) (NTES US), and others, but it is not necessarily a comfortable trade.
Konnectivity Pte. Ltd officially announced the launch of its Offer to by M1 Ltd (M1 SP). The Close is 4 February, but the Offer is not Final.
If you think there will not be a bump and the deal may or may not go through at S$2.06, unless you are so big that your selling would dramatically impact the price, the right trade here is to sell in the market.
If you think there is a possibility of a bump as the Offeror seeks to a) get Axiata to tender and b) to get everyone else to tender so they can delist and squeeze out minorities, but if no bump there is a quasi-certainty that Konnectivity Pte will gain 50%+1 share at S$2.06, then buying at S$2.07 is not a bad trade depending on your likelihood of bump and bump price.
If Konnectivity bump, they have two choices: Bump a little bit and declare final so that everyone who played for a bump decides to sell (that might mean a bump to S$2.15 or so); or bump a lot and get Axiata out.
Travis believes a bump is certainly possible but also thinks this deal gets done if there is no bump. If Axiata countered at, say S$2.15, he would be inclined to buy at S$2.15 to expect a further counter by Konnectivity.
Bandhan Bank (BANDHAN IN)(“BBL”) and GRUH announced together on January 7th that their respective boards have considered and approved a Scheme of Amalgamation where Bandhan Bank will be the acquiring entity and GRUH Finance will become the acquired entity. At the exchange ratio of 568 Bandhan Bank shares per 1000 GRUH Finance shares, GRUH Finance’s price currently translates to a PER and PBV of 51.8x and 12.5x respectively which is significantly higher than the average for its comparable peers (PER=14.9x; PBV=2.0x).
This is a great deal forHousing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC IN)which currently owns 57.8% of GRUH Finance. It will own 15% of the merged entity. Considering HDFC Ltd already owns 19.72% as the promoter of HDFC bank and that RBI does not allow the promoter of one bank to hold more than 10% in another bank as a promoter, HDFC Ltd will have to divest a stake that is at least equivalent to 5% of the merged entity.
This deal is perhaps less good for Bandhan shareholders. GRUH is being purchased expensively, and minorities are getting hit. This is possibly so that the promoter can get closer to the obligation to the RBI to drop his stake to 40%. That ‘excuse’ is widespread in the media but may not bear up under scrutiny.
Travis thinks both names could have further to fall and sees no compelling reason to expect growth to surprise on the previously expected upside as branch openings are frozen. A deal break would not solve that, but a shareholder disentanglement on the Bandhan side would.
As widely expected, Healius’s board rejected the unsolicited and conditional proposal from Jangho Group Co Ltd A (601886 CH) at A$3.25/share.Pricing under the proposal is okay, at best, valuing Healius roughly in sync with Sonic Healthcare (SHL AU), its nearest peer. Optically, the indicative offer is underwhelming, 20% below the recent high in March last year, and below where Jangho was accumulating its stake in early 2016.
Operationally, Healius is not without issue, including increasing salaries, failure to secure key contracts, an inability to retain doctors at its medical centres, and the forced resignation of its CEO two years ago after he was charged by ASIC.
An offer from Jangho would also fall under FIRB’s remit, specifically sensitive patient data in the hands of a foreign owner, and it is up for debate whether maintaining such information in a secure site in Australia (as applied in Jangho’s acquisition of Vision Eye in 2015) will alleviate these concerns.
This deal is unlikely to get up under the current terms following the board rejection, but I do expect Jangho to bump its offer; or a third party to enter the fray. On a risk/reward basis I still tilt positive at a 18% gross spread (and up 7% from the post-rejection closing price) to the indicative offer.
For those who like plain vanilla, PCI announced Pagani Holding (an SPV indirectly owned by Platinum Equity Advisors) had made a S$1.33/share cash offer for the company by way of a scheme. Chuan Hup Holdings (CH SP), which holds 76.7% in PCI, has given an irrevocable undertaking to vote its stake in favour of the scheme resolution. So this is a done deal. The more interesting facet here is that Chuan Hup is currently trading at discount to its net cash after factoring in the proceeds from the sale of PCI shares.
As anticipated in my insight (DNO Closes In On Faroe) last week, DNO ASA (DNO NO)bumped its Offer for Faroe, which has now been declared unconditional. Tendered shares get paid in 14 days. The final closing date of the offer is the 6 February.
The 5.3% bump to GBP 1.60/share shortly followed a prior announcement from DNO which referenced a statement made the previous day by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate of a 30% reserves downgrade at Faroe’s Oda field from 47.2mn MMboe to 32.7 MMboe.
The Final Offer price represents a premium of 52.4% to Faroe‘s share price of GBP 1.05 at the close of business on 3 April 2018, and values Faroe at ~£641.7mn. Despite open hostilities to the initial offer, Faroe’s board has now accepted the increased Offer and recommends shareholders tender.
DNO now owns or has 76.49% acceptances so can now make preparations to move to delist Faroe. If total acceptances exceed 90% of the voting rights, DNO will exercise its rights to compulsorily acquire the remaining Faroe shares not tendered, also at GBP 1.60/share.
The company bought back 16% of volume in the month (in December), and 15% of rolling 4-week ADV if only the first 20 days were days on which the company bought – which based on execution prices seems likely.
Travis expects a similar rate to continue and expects the lower trading volumes seen in December to continue. The period of excitement is over until Toshiba gives people a reason to get excited.
Travis is not particularly bullish Q3 results or Q4 forecasts for the company and the stock has rebounded perhaps more than the market has off lows. With Apple Inc (AAPL US) guiding suppliers to lower iPhone production yet again, TMC could run into a soft spot.
The key stub assets include South Springs, one of the largest golf resorts in Korea, and brand royalty, each accounting for around 7-8% of NAV. The remaining, immaterial ops include an ad agency, an “Amazon Fresh”-like fresh food delivery start-up, management consulting, dividends, and rent.
This looks like a decent stub-setup, with a likelihood of the discount narrowing from here – typically, the Korean Holdcos trade within a 20-40% discount band – rather than clearing 60%. And there is no tender offer overhang in 2019. But apart from the optics, there are no obvious catalysts at the stub level for the nine-month discount-widening trend to reverse.
Kingboard, which hasn’t been in the news since it sold its 9.6% stake in Cathay Pacific Airways (293 HK) to Qatar Airways back in November 2017, is coming up “expensive” on my monitor, after KBC’s mid-week price outperformance over KBL.
The new news this week is that KBC announced it is acquiring a handful of floors of the Overseas Trust Bank Building here in Hong Kong. Pricing looks okay with reference to property sold nearby, but probably towards the high-end for mid-floor office space in Wan Chai.
This is a connected transaction as the seller of the properties is Hallgain Investments – a vehicle largely owned by senior management of KBC – which owns 39.02% of KBC. The net rental on the properties is $1.35mn or a yield of 0.15%, which hardly augurs a case to go long the stub.
I compiled a summary of the 93 M&A transactions, with a collective deal size of ~US$215bn, published on Smartkarma in 2018, and analysed which sectors attracted the most interest: (Mostly Asia) M&A in 2018: What Was Hot, And What Was Not
The premium for Swire’s As over the Bs – [19 HK/(5* 87 HK)] – continues to increase and is now at its highest since October 2003.
Source: CapIQ; RHS represents HK$mn
I tackled this share class last August (Swire’s Interims and Bifurcating Dual Class) when the premium was 18%. Since September 2015, the two classes of shares can be unified leaving John Swire & Sons with 55% of the equity (& 63.7% of the vote). The pushback then, and now, is why bother? And the HKEx giving permission to Xiaomi Corp (1810 HK) to list with dual-class shares lessens the chance of such a unification.
Logically though, this premium should narrow (eventually one would expect) and investors are betting on this. The $ value traded for the Bs on Wednesday was the highest since mid-December 2017, and the third highest $ value traded in 21 years. And volume for the Bs has been increasing recently, having doubled in size in the past year compared to the 5-year average.
As an aside, Swire’s discount to NAV (adjusting for the privatisation of HAECO) is trading at it narrowest inside a year:
My ongoing series flags large moves (~10%) in CCASS holdings over the past week or so, moves which are often outside normal market transactions. These may be indicative of share pledges. Or potential takeovers. Or simply help understand volume swings.
Often these moves can easily be explained – the placement of new shares, rights issue, movements subsequent to a takeover, amongst others. For those mentioned below, I could not find an obvious reason for the CCASS move.
Aequitas Research puts out a weekly update on the deals that have been covered by Smartkarma Insight Providers recently, along with updates for upcoming IPOs.
Despite a shaky 2018 Q4 market and the disappointing Softbank Corp (9434 JP)‘s IPO, we have been getting a steady stream of newsflow on upcoming IPOs.
Starting with upcoming IPOs, Chengdu Expressway Company Limited (1785 HK) and Weimob.com (2013 HK) will be listing next week on Tuesday, 15th January. Weimob was priced at the low end of its price range while Chengdu Expressway’s IPO was at a fixed price of HK$2.20. We are bearish on both IPOs. Weimob is overly reliant on Tencent for its SaaS and Ads business and, at the same time, Tencent will only own less than 3% stake after listing. Whereas Chengdu Expressway has been a well-managed company but valuation implies limited upside. Trading liquidity will likely remain tepid as like Qilu Expressway Co Ltd (1576 HK) which listed mid last year.
In the pipeline, we are hearing that Kepei Education (KEPEI HK) will likely open its book next Monday. We will be following up with a note on valuation. In other IPOs that are coming in this quarter, Helenbergh China and Zhongliang, both property developers, are looking to IPO in this quarter. Viva Biotech Shanghai Ltd (1577881D HK) is also looking to list in Hong Kong Q2 while Urban Commons, a US property developer, is planning a US$500m REIT IPO in Singapore.
Activity seems healthy for the ECM space, but sentiment has not been the best as seen from Xiaomi’s high profile IPO that took a hit just as its lockup expired. Its share price has corrected from a high of HK$22.20 to just above HK$10.34 this Friday. This should not have been a big surprise since many have already pointed out that its valuation should really have been closer to that of a hardware business and we pointed out that the IPO’s trajectory would likely be similar to Razer.
This reminds us of a particular listing last year, Razer Inc (1337 HK) , and, in fact, both bear quite a handful of similarities. Strong portfolio of investors, hardware business with software capabilities, expensive valuations, and etc. The stock did well at first but has come back down to earth since then.
Accuracy Rate:
Our overall accuracy rate is 72% for IPOs and 64% for Placements
(Performance measurement criteria is explained at the end of the note)
New IPO filings
China Tobacco International (Hong Kong, US$100m)
China East Education (Hong Kong, US$400m)
Ebang International (Hong Kong, re-filed)
MicuRx Pharma (Hong Kong, re-filed)
Below is a snippet of our IPO tool showing upcoming events for the next week. The IPO tool is designed to provide readers with timely information on all IPO related events (Book open/closing, listing, initiation, lock-up expiry, etc) for all the deals that we have worked on. You can access the tool here or through the tools menu.
In the three months to December, MonotaRO’s domestic (parent company) sales continued to grow at an annual rate close to 25%, indicating that full-year consolidated results should be close to management’s guidance and our own estimates. This also suggests that our 18% sales growth forecast for 2019 could be conservative.
Parent company data for December show sales up 18.4% year-on-year in nominal terms, but up 24.6% when adjusted for the number of working days in the month. The figures for November were 27.3% growth in nominal terms, but 21.3% adjusted.
In the three months to December, adjusted sales were up 24.2%, a slight improvement from 23.9% growth in 3Q. In FY Dec-18 as a whole, reported parent company sales were up 24.4% to ¥105.3 billion, slightly exceeding management’s ¥104.1 billion guidance.
At ¥2,523 (Friday, January 11, close), the shares have dropped 25% since October. They are now selling at 61x our EPS estimate for FY Dec-18, 54x our estimate for FY Dec-19 and 47x our estimate for FY Dec-20. Price/sales multiples for the same three years are 5.7x, 4.8x and 4.2x.
Consolidated results for FY Dec-18 are due to be announced by the end of January.
MonotaRO is the only pure-play e-commerce MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Operation) investment in the Japanese stock market. With over 10,000 SKUs (stock keeping units – i.e., individual items, including gloves, hand and power tools, hardware, painting supplies, etc.) for sale to construction companies, manufacturers, auto repair shops and other customers, the company is both driving and benefitting from the growth of Japan’s B2B MRO market. Overseas subsidiaries in South Korea, Indonesia and China, which account for about 4% of consolidated sales, are not yet profitable.
Accordia Golf Trust (AGT SP) has not been a great success story since its IPO in August 2014. The stock went to market at a unit price of 0.97 SGD and was recently traded at 0.53 SGD. If we include the dividends received since the IPO (0.2387 SGD) the ‘real‘ adjusted price is still only 0.76 SGD.
In the past we have attended several management meetings and the 2017 company AGM but were disappointed on multiple occasions by management that either 1) did not care, 2) did not know how or 3) was held back by other corporate Japanese factors from creating shareholder value.
Over the last six months several new developments are potentially creating a cocktail that could finally create sustained value for AGT unitholders:
Appointment of new CFO who assures investors no repeat of “membership deposit debacle”
New five-year funding secured from two lenders
MBK Partners buys ORIX Golf Management
Value investor Hibiki Path Advisors buys 6.2% of the company
Clear focus on acquisitions and using its balance sheet strength
With its 2019 financial year ending in March, investors can be hopeful that its dividend in FY20 can grow to a minimum of 5 SGD cents suggesting a yield of 9.5%. If management injects assets a higher DPU is possible.
In November 2017, Toshiba Corp (6502 JP) bowed to the inevitable and issued shares in order to shore up shareholder equity ahead of the 31 March 2018 deadline where if the company had not announced a positive shareholder equity number, it would have been delisted according to the Enforcement Rules of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
So it issued ¥600 billion of equity in an accelerated privately-negotiated placement to hedge funds. There was some jawboning later from domestic institutions who had not gotten the show on the deal, but they would do well to remember that when Toshiba was in dire straits earlier that year, and continued listing was not guaranteed because of accounting issues which were later overcome (before the equity issuance), it was the hedge funds who bought dozens of percent of the company – not domestic financial institutions. In any case, the equity was predictably needed, but as a way of making it clear that it would not be forever, the release accompanying the financing said the company would accelerate returns to shareholders once the sale of Toshiba Memory Corporation was complete.
That return of capital to shareholders was announced in June 2018 after the closing of the TMC transaction had been confirmed. Toshiba would buy back ¥700 billion of shares. At the time, that was up to 40% of shares outstanding, but the shares rose as the shares of companies with large buyback plans do, and it took until November to dot the “i”s and cross the “t”s on making sure that the cash in the bank account was deemed distributable capital surplus. On November 8th, a year after announcing the sale of equity, Toshiba announced the start of a Very Large Buyback. A few days later the company announced a large ToSTNeT-3 buyback, offering to buy back all ¥700 billion of shares the following morning at that day’s close. A week later the company had bought back ¥243 billion or more than 35% of the total buyback then announced further purchases would be made in the market.
That’s when the fun began.
For previous recent treatment on the Toshiba buyback, see the following:
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A Nikkei Asian Review article on 21 December titled Tokyo Stock Exchange’s big board about to get a lot smaller suggesting the TSE would boot up to 1500 stocks from TOPIX, which now boasts 2130+ members – far more than major indices in other developed markets.
Since November, a dedicated internal panel (“Advisory Group to Review TSE Cash Equity Market Structure”) has been addressing the issues, trying to make Tokyo’s stock market more attractive for international investors. Some of the proposals raised include a market cap cutoff of ¥50 billion or ¥100 billion of which there were on that date 1,000 companies and 620 companies respectively.
The introduction makes clear the goal. The part below is underlined in the original document.
Taking into account the role the market structure plays, it is important that TSE reviews the market structure in order to further incentivize listed companies to proactively improve their overall value as corporation, in addition to further attracting diverse global and domestic investors by providing attractive investment opportunities. Conducting a review of the market structure, with the aim of supporting the se roles, will further contribute to the development of a sustainable capital market, and by extension, the wider Japanese economy.
That paragraph tells you all you need to know.
It Has Been Decided That Something Must Be Done So Something Will Be Done.
The Consultation Paper and the Data presentation accompanying it discuss the current market structure (with four “listing” markets including the TSE1, TSE2, MOTHERS, and JASDAQ (including sub markets), making it clear that…
biotech companies which need R&D capital should be allowed to list in order to raise capital, but pointing out that small companies which are already in existence for many years which list just because they want to are not
the requirements for reassignment from JASDAQ, MOTHERS or TSE2 to the First Section (the “step-up market” to which all major companies should aspire) are too low, and many companies which should not be admitted to the top ranks because of weak internal management structure or corporate governance end up there anyway,
delisting requirements and procedures may not function properly and should be reviewed,
the ability for shareholders to trade the “pink sheets”, “green sheets”, or delisted stocks is insufficient.
the requirements for listing and liquidity on JASDAQ are insufficient.
I would note that the Consultation Paper does not address the ¥50 billion or ¥100 billion question. The fact that the Nikkei does so tells you where they want to go with this.
The TSE is not suggesting that small companies shouldn’t be allowed to list.
The TSE clearly defines three types of companies – 1) risky companies without profits but great need for capital to grow, 2) established companies where capital need is lower and market investment may be made by more risk-averse investors, and 3) the “step-up market” – the big leagues.
The Paper asks investors what should be the listing criteria for each group and the treatment of those companies which no longer meet the listing criteria. Then it asks about delisting criteria.
Effectively, the goal of making such changes to minimum market cap would be to…
make TOPIX (which is an index consisting of all members of the TSE First Section) a “better” index which would look more like the S&P500. That would make TOPIX more like the indices commonly used by foreign investors – such as MSCI Japan and FTSE Japan.
provide two markets for smaller companies – one for growth companies without profits or track record and one for established companies with a track record.
The “Call for Comment” questions in each section point you to the overall conclusions and destination and ask you, the investor, what limits should be placed to light the way there. Investors with an interest in market structure should think about how best to respond.
Should parent-controlled subsidiaries be allowed to list when the parent owns more than 50%?
Should all TSE1 companies be required to release extensive company data and documentation online? in English?
Should companies which breach the public trust through scandal – such as Seibu Rail, Kanebo, and Olympus years ago or Toshiba more recently – be permitted to stay listed? (Seibu and Kanebo were delisted, Olympus and Toshiba stayed listed)
What constitutes a situation where delisting should be mandatory?
The language of the Paper and the way the Call for Comment questions are framed tells me the “results” are already known and the results of the Public Comment period will simply be flavoring.
There will be a three-tier market – something akin to MOTHERS, something akin to TSE2 for “established companies”, and something like the TSE First Section which will be beefed up (stricter criteria) and slimmed down (fewer companies).
Whether governance is improved through limits on subsidiary holdings by parent companies, or criteria for independent directors, or more extensive documentation (and in English) is up to investors. If they make enough noise, this could happen.
Most important for traders and investors are the market impacts from potential changes to TSE First Section. If the TSE mandates that listing requires companies to have a market cap of ¥100 billion, the change…
will have a profound effect on the supply/demand metrics for a large number of companies. THAT will create dislocations.
possibly prompt consolidation over time. The limited ability of small companies to access TSE1 listing because of insufficient size or dollar value of daily liquidity may cause mergers.
could have profound effects on the Nikkei 225 if done right.
ROUND TRIP – Temporary staffing company Pasona (2168 JP)‘s shares have completed a year-long ’round trip’ after reaching Overbought territory one year ago following the launch of an ‘engagement campaign’ by the activist investor, Oasis. In May 2018, the company took advantage of its elevated share price to sell 2.3m shares (of which 2m were Treasury Shares), prompting a sharp correction in the share price. In recent months, the shares have languished as the company’s business performance has begun to deteriorate, reaching an 18-month low of 1,008 on 25th December, before rebounding 12% to close the year at ¥1,126.
HOLDCO DISCOUNT – According to the Smartkarma HoldCo Monitor, Pasona has the largest ‘ListCo as a % of Market Cap’ percentage at 365%, and the second-largest ‘Discount to Net Asset Value’ (78%) of the 77 companies that are tracked. With Pasona’s interim results due to be released on Friday 11th, January, the Insight will look at the company’s recent business performance, offer some guidelines for valuing the company and make two stock-specific recommendations. The format follows that of our recent Insight on GMO Internet.
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ONWARD AND OUT – ZOZO (3092 JP), formerly Start Today, has been the sixth-most-traded large capitalisation stock over the last ten trading days after Benefit One (2412 JP), Rizap (2928 JP), Takeda Pharmaceutical (4502 JP), Hoshizaki (6465 JP), and Workman Co Ltd (7564 JP). According to Nikkei XTECH, on 25th December apparel maker Onward (8016 JP) suspended selling of its products on ZOZOTOWN and will leave the platform altogether. Although Onward products are estimated to account for less than 3% of total transactions on the site, there are concerns that other apparel makers will follow suit as a result of the emerging direct competition on the site from ZOZO’s private label. Since reaching our 4.0 ‘Overbought’ threshold on 9th July 2018, ZOZO shares have corrected by 57% – the worst performance of any large cap from that date – as concerns mounted over the private brand strategy and the behaviour of CEO Yusaku Maezawa. Since bottoming on 4th January, the shares have risen by 18% following positive comments from the CEO about sales over the New Year holiday period.
PRIVATE-LABEL STRETCH GOALS– The ‘teething problems’ of ZOZO entering the private-label apparel business have been well-documented by Michael Causton in a recent Insight on Smartkarma. Michael rightly questions the feasibility of the company scaling a ¥200b apparel business within the next three years while targeting an additional incremental ¥400b in e-commerce revenue, particularly as it has taken ZOZO twenty years to reach the first ¥100b in annual revenues. In the DETAIL section below, we shall examine ZOZO’s current and possible future financial condition as it strives to become one of the top-ten global fashion retailers.
‘ZOSO’ & THE STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN – In addition to some notable purchases of modern art at record-breaking prices, CEO Maezawa also last year booked himself on Space X’s first flight to the moon. With apologies, the lyrics of the peerless song from Led Zeppelin’s untitled fourth album – known by fans as ‘Zoso’ after the symbol designed by Jimmy Page for the inner sleeve – come to mind:-
There’s a lad(y) who’s sure All that glitters is gold And (s)he’s buying a stairway to heaven When(s)he gets there (s)he knows If the stores are all closed With a word (s)he can get what (s)he came for.
We have received requests to provide a calendar of upcoming catalysts for near-term M&A, stubs and erstwhile event-driven names. Below is a list of catalysts over the near-term for such names as below. If you are interested in importing this directly into Outlook or have any further requests, please let us know.
In the semiconductor industry, particularly in the DRAM sector, there has been significant consolidation leading some to hypothesize that there’s now an oligopoly that will cause prices to normalize and thus end the business’ notorious revenue cycles. Here we will take a critical look at this argument to explain its fallacy.
In their public presentations, central banks seem to be contemplating the use of neutral interest rates (r*) in addition to unemployment/inflation theories. R* has the advantage of appearing to be subject to mathematical precision, yet it’s unobservable, and so unfalsifiable. Thus, it permits central banks to present any policy conclusion they want without fear of verifiable contradiction. R* is the policy rate that would equate the future supply of and demand for loans. It rises and falls as an economy strengthens and weakens. Long-term observation during the non-inflationary gold standard, period indicated that r* in an average economy was 2% plus, which would become 4% plus with today’s 2% inflation target. The Fed may soon end this tightening cycle with the fed funds rate at or near 2¾%, which would be r* if the rate of lending and borrowing in America remained stable thereafter. Rising (falling) lending would indicate a higher (lower) r*.
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The ability to have stable prices has great value.
According to Edward Gibbon, the decaying Roman Empire exhibited five hallmarks: 1) concern with displaying affluence instead of building wealth; 2) obsession with sex; 3) freakish and sensationalistic art; 4) widening disparity between the rich and the poor; and 5) increased demand to live off the state. Most DMs and many EMs display similar symptoms today because fiscal and monetary policies, the foundation of both ancient and modern societies, are identical: increasing welfare outlays by artificially inflating the money supply. The Roman Empire took more than four centuries to destroy what the Republic had built in the previous five centuries because clipping and debasing coins inflated currency supplies slowly. Entering debits and credits in the books of commercial and central banks is much more efficient.
While most news coverage is intensely focused on former Chairman Carlos Ghosn’s first public statements, defence strategy and Japan’s rather arcane justice system, we believe that news regarding the sudden “leave” of two Nissan executives is worth paying attention to as it may have ramifications for the fate of the alliance overall. We discuss the details below.
Primary/secondary Uranium supplies currently 112% of 2017 demand
Uranium supply deficits extremely unlikely before 2022
Global Uranium demand to fall 25-40% by 2050
Primary Uranium sector LT SELL
We have independently audited global nuclear construction statistics in order to determine future Uranium demand. Although near-term statistics match those in the public domain, long-term demand determined via construction pipeline illustrates substantial discrepancies. Compiling planned plant construction, operational extensions, nameplate upgrades, versus decommissioning announcements/events, and in many cases, public policy inertia; has led us to believe that despite historical primary supply shortages, global nuclear demand peaked in 2006.
Since plateauing and despite strong Chinese growth, nuclear power generation has fallen <2% over the past two decades, a decline that is predicted to accelerate as a number of developed and developing nations pursue other energy options.
The macro-trend not replacing existing nuclear infrastructure means (dependent on assumptions), according to our calculations, global uranium demand will decrease between 20 to 40% by 2050.
As opposed to signifying a fundamental change in underlying demand, we believe that recent Uranium price increases are the result of producers closing primary operations, and substituting production with purchases on the spot market to meet long-term contract obligations. In addition, hedge funds are buying physical uranium in order to realise profits on potential future commodity price increases. Critically, we determine that primary and secondary supplies are more than sufficient to meet forecast demand over the next four to five years; before taking into account substantial existing global uranium stocks, some of which are able to re-enter the spot market at short notice.
Major top and short call at USD/JPY 114 and flash decline did have a direct impact on a risk assets and the Nikkei in line with our S&P and Nikkei short calls. The second phase of USD/JPY weakness will usher in the next downturn in risk assets in late Q1 after some tactical posturing. We do view SPX 2,600 as a good level to re cycle shorts with some range work in store for February.
JPY crosses versus the AUD, GBP and Euro are currently nudging up against key resistance points that represent an interesting pivot point to stage a fresh decline (good risk aversion barometers).
We are seeing the knock on effect in Asian FX.
USD/JPY will surpass our original downside target of 108-109.
According to a local media outlet called Chosun Daily, it stated that one of the bankers in the deal (Deutsche Bank), already sent teaser letters of this deal to Tencent Holdings (700 HK) and KKR and in the teaser letter, it mentioned about potentially selling nearly 47% of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan).
The question about whether or not Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell NXC Corp (Korea) or Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan) has important consequences not just for him and his family but also to the minority shareholders of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP). If Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell NXC Corp (Korea), there may not be much upside for the minority shareholders of Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) since current regulations do not require the buyers to pay potentially additional control premium to the minority shareholders as well.
However, if Kim Jung-Joo decides to sell Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan), there may be an opportunity for the minority shareholders to gain from an additional control premium. We think that this is one of the reasons why Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) shares are up 13% YTD as some of the investors may think that there could be a higher probability that Kim Jung-Joo ends up selling Nexon Co Ltd (3659 JP) (Japan), instead of NXC Corp (Korea).
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