India

In this briefing:

1. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low
2. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight

1. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low

Trawling through  >1500 global banks, based on the last quarter of reported Balance Sheets, we apply the discipline of the PH Score™ , a value-quality fundamental momentum screen, plus a low RSI screen, and a low Franchise Valuation (FV) screen to deliver our latest rankings for global banks.

While not all of top decile 1 scores are a buy – some are value traps while others maybe somewhat small and obscure and traded sparsely- the bottom decile names should awaken caution. We would be hard pressed to recommend some of the more popular and fashionable names from the bottom decile. Names such as ICICI Bank Ltd (ICICIBC IN) , Credicorp of Peru, Bank Central Asia (BBCA IJ) and Itau Unibanco Holding Sa (ITUB US) are EM favourites. Their share prices have performed well for an extended period and thus carry valuation risk. They represent pricey quality in some cases. They are not priced for disappointment but rather for hope. Are the constituents of the bottom decile not fertile grounds for short sellers?

Why pay top dollar for a bank franchise given risks related to domestic (let alone global) politics and the economy? Some investors and analysts have expressed “inspiration” for developments in Brazil and Argentina. But Brazilian bonds are now trading as if the country is Investment Grade again. (This is relevant for banks especially). Guedes and co. may deliver on pension/social security reform. If so, prices will become even more inflated. But what happens if they don’t deliver on reform? Why pay top dollar for hope given the ramp up in prices already? Argentina is an even more fragile “hope narrative”. More of a “Hope take 2”. Similar to Brazil, bank Franchise Valuations are elevated. While the current account adjustment and easing inflation are to be expected, the political and social scene will be a challenge. LATAM seems to be “hot” again with investment bankers talking of resilience. But resilience is different from valuation. Banks from Chile, Peru, and Colombia feature in the bottom decile too. If an investor wants to be in these markets and desires bank exposure, surely it makes sense to look for the best value on offer. Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores (AVAL CB) may represent one such opportunity.

Our bottom decile rankings feature a great deal of banks from Indonesia. In a promising market such as Indonesia, given bank valuations, one needs to tread extremely carefully to not end up paying over the odds, to not pay for extrapolation. In addition, India is a susceptible jurisdiction for any bank operating there – no bank is “superhuman” and especially not at the prices on offer for the popular private sector “winners”. Saudi Arabia is another market that suddenly became popular last year. We are mindful of valuations and FX.

Does it not make more sense to look at opportunity in the top decile? While some of the names here will be too small or illiquid (mea culpa), there are genuine portfolio candidates. South Korea stands out in the rankings. Woori Bank (WF US) is top of the rankings after a share price plunge related to a stock overhang but this will pass. Hana Financial (086790 KS) , Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK LX) and DGB Financial Group (139130 KS) are portfolio candidates. Elsewhere, Russia and Vietnam rightly feature while Sri Lanka and Pakistan contribute some names despite very real political and macro risks. We would caution on some of the relatively small Chinese names but recommend the big 4 versus EM peers – they are not expensive. In fact some of the big 4 feature in decile 2 of our rankings. There are many Japanese banks here too. And many, like some Chinese lenders, are cheap for a reason. While the technical picture for Japanese banks is bearish, at some stage selective weeding out of opportunity within Japan’s banking sector may be rewarding. The megabanks are certainly not dear. Europe is another matter. Despite valuations, we are cautious on French lenders and on German consolidation narratives – did a merger of 2 weak banks ever deliver shareholder value? The inclusion of two Romanian banks in the top decile is somewhat of a headscratcher. These are perfectly investable opportunities but share prices have been poor of late.

2. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight

Uzbekistan’s economy is a frontier market stand out and has a large number of attractive characteristics:

• Uzbekistan’s stock market trades at a substantial discount to other frontier markets, though the extremely illiquid nature of the market makes it hard to trade.  However, there still is foreign interest in the market.
• The IMF projects that the economy will grow by 5% during 2018 and 2019, and eventually reach 6% by 2022, though this is still below its historical high. 
• Market reforms were spearheaded in December 2016 when the newly elected president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev decided to transition towards a market- oriented economy led by private sector growth, as the public sector was unable to create enough jobs.  This represents a significant shift given that Uzbekistan had been a closed, centrally planned economy until 2016.
• Tourist arrivals grew by 91.6% during H1 2018, and this is poised to improve greater in the future due to the impact of the visa liberalization measures.
• Twin deficits have remained under control and Uzbekistan is one of few current account surplus frontier markets.
• Uzbekistan is also very attractive compared to other markets in the frontier space given that its minimum wage is only US$24/month, compared to around $70-75/month in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

The market reforms that the country recently implemented will be a major catalyst for future economic growth and makes investment in this market appealing.  Apart from strong growth, the market is also appealing due to its high foreign exchange reserves ( nearly 2 years of import cover), consistent CA surplus, and stable currency.  My latest frontier and emerging market recap highlights the appeals of markets such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Egypt, while expressing concerns for markets such as Sri Lanka and Pakistan.  Uzbekistan is a suitable addition given its stable macro/political picture, and the main negative factor of this market is the highly inaccessible nature of the equity market.  The ADTV is less than $100,000, which is a far cry from other frontier markets like Romania, Sri Lanka and Kenya.

In this briefing:

1. Wanted: A 21st Century Monetary Theory
2. Polycab India Limited Pre-IPO – Market Leader with Steady Growth but with a Few Unanswered Question
3. India Policy Rates – Case For A Cut Builds
4. HDFC Bank – Quarterly Credit Deterioration
5. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low

1. Wanted: A 21st Century Monetary Theory

The globe is facing more than an ordinary business cycle.

Joseph C. Sternberg, editorial-page editor and European political-economy columnist for the Wall Street Journal’s European edition, recently interviewed Claudio Borio, head of the Monetaryand Economic Department of the BIS. Mr. Borio said that politicians have relied far too much on central banks, which are constrained by economic theories that offer little meaningful guidance on how to sustain growth and financial stability. The only tool they have is an interest rate that can affect output in the short run but ends up affecting only inflation in the end.

2. Polycab India Limited Pre-IPO – Market Leader with Steady Growth but with a Few Unanswered Question

Polycab India (POLY IN) plans to raise around US$280m in its IPO through a mix of selling primary and secondary shares. It is the largest manufacturer of wires and cables in India with a 12% market share, as per CRISIL research. The company has also recently entered the consumer electrical segments. 

Sales growth has been decent while margin expansion has helped the company to report much higher PATMI growth. Although, cash flow from operations has lagged earnings growth as working capital requirements have been volatile. In addition, receivables quality seems to be deteriorating. To add to that the rationale for the dealers and employees rationalization hasn’t been clearly explained.

In this insight, I’ve covered the above points, compared the company to its listed peers and commented on valuations. Should the deal be offered at multiples close to its wires and cables peers, it might still be interesting.

3. India Policy Rates – Case For A Cut Builds

A cut in interest rates is coming. The case is compelling. Headline inflation is easing and is now running well below the RBI’s forecasts. System non-performing loans have peaked while the trade deficit is narrowing meaning the central can afford some largess. Given where real lending rates are and the fragility of the corporate profit cycle, lower policy rates would welcome and a positive of the India growth story. We reiterate our overweight Indian equities call.

4. HDFC Bank – Quarterly Credit Deterioration

The beloved bank reported exceptionally high growth in non-performing assets (NPAs) rising from INR111bn to INR119, from 2Q19 to 3Q19. And this is flattered, as it is after write-offs.  Its doubtful 3 loans, rose by 33% in the quarter. The bank’s additions to NPAs during the period, also increased – a more objective figure, before write-offs. The figure was INR40bn in 1Q19: INR39bn in 2Q19; and rose to INR46bn in 3Q19. This is not data that we expect most analysts to focus on, as much lays hidden in the bank’s Pillar 3 disclosure. The result of deteriorating credit metrics: 21% higher growth in credit costs QoQ and 64% YoY in 3Q19.

5. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low

Trawling through  >1500 global banks, based on the last quarter of reported Balance Sheets, we apply the discipline of the PH Score™ , a value-quality fundamental momentum screen, plus a low RSI screen, and a low Franchise Valuation (FV) screen to deliver our latest rankings for global banks.

While not all of top decile 1 scores are a buy – some are value traps while others maybe somewhat small and obscure and traded sparsely- the bottom decile names should awaken caution. We would be hard pressed to recommend some of the more popular and fashionable names from the bottom decile. Names such as ICICI Bank Ltd (ICICIBC IN) , Credicorp of Peru, Bank Central Asia (BBCA IJ) and Itau Unibanco Holding Sa (ITUB US) are EM favourites. Their share prices have performed well for an extended period and thus carry valuation risk. They represent pricey quality in some cases. They are not priced for disappointment but rather for hope. Are the constituents of the bottom decile not fertile grounds for short sellers?

Why pay top dollar for a bank franchise given risks related to domestic (let alone global) politics and the economy? Some investors and analysts have expressed “inspiration” for developments in Brazil and Argentina. But Brazilian bonds are now trading as if the country is Investment Grade again. (This is relevant for banks especially). Guedes and co. may deliver on pension/social security reform. If so, prices will become even more inflated. But what happens if they don’t deliver on reform? Why pay top dollar for hope given the ramp up in prices already? Argentina is an even more fragile “hope narrative”. More of a “Hope take 2”. Similar to Brazil, bank Franchise Valuations are elevated. While the current account adjustment and easing inflation are to be expected, the political and social scene will be a challenge. LATAM seems to be “hot” again with investment bankers talking of resilience. But resilience is different from valuation. Banks from Chile, Peru, and Colombia feature in the bottom decile too. If an investor wants to be in these markets and desires bank exposure, surely it makes sense to look for the best value on offer. Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores (AVAL CB) may represent one such opportunity.

Our bottom decile rankings feature a great deal of banks from Indonesia. In a promising market such as Indonesia, given bank valuations, one needs to tread extremely carefully to not end up paying over the odds, to not pay for extrapolation. In addition, India is a susceptible jurisdiction for any bank operating there – no bank is “superhuman” and especially not at the prices on offer for the popular private sector “winners”. Saudi Arabia is another market that suddenly became popular last year. We are mindful of valuations and FX.

Does it not make more sense to look at opportunity in the top decile? While some of the names here will be too small or illiquid (mea culpa), there are genuine portfolio candidates. South Korea stands out in the rankings. Woori Bank (WF US) is top of the rankings after a share price plunge related to a stock overhang but this will pass. Hana Financial (086790 KS) , Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK LX) and DGB Financial Group (139130 KS) are portfolio candidates. Elsewhere, Russia and Vietnam rightly feature while Sri Lanka and Pakistan contribute some names despite very real political and macro risks. We would caution on some of the relatively small Chinese names but recommend the big 4 versus EM peers – they are not expensive. In fact some of the big 4 feature in decile 2 of our rankings. There are many Japanese banks here too. And many, like some Chinese lenders, are cheap for a reason. While the technical picture for Japanese banks is bearish, at some stage selective weeding out of opportunity within Japan’s banking sector may be rewarding. The megabanks are certainly not dear. Europe is another matter. Despite valuations, we are cautious on French lenders and on German consolidation narratives – did a merger of 2 weak banks ever deliver shareholder value? The inclusion of two Romanian banks in the top decile is somewhat of a headscratcher. These are perfectly investable opportunities but share prices have been poor of late.

In this briefing:

1. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight
2. Business Happenings in the Americas that May Be “Below the Radar” – Week Ending January 17, 2019

1. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight

Uzbekistan’s economy is a frontier market stand out and has a large number of attractive characteristics:

• Uzbekistan’s stock market trades at a substantial discount to other frontier markets, though the extremely illiquid nature of the market makes it hard to trade.  However, there still is foreign interest in the market.
• The IMF projects that the economy will grow by 5% during 2018 and 2019, and eventually reach 6% by 2022, though this is still below its historical high. 
• Market reforms were spearheaded in December 2016 when the newly elected president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev decided to transition towards a market- oriented economy led by private sector growth, as the public sector was unable to create enough jobs.  This represents a significant shift given that Uzbekistan had been a closed, centrally planned economy until 2016.
• Tourist arrivals grew by 91.6% during H1 2018, and this is poised to improve greater in the future due to the impact of the visa liberalization measures.
• Twin deficits have remained under control and Uzbekistan is one of few current account surplus frontier markets.
• Uzbekistan is also very attractive compared to other markets in the frontier space given that its minimum wage is only US$24/month, compared to around $70-75/month in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

The market reforms that the country recently implemented will be a major catalyst for future economic growth and makes investment in this market appealing.  Apart from strong growth, the market is also appealing due to its high foreign exchange reserves ( nearly 2 years of import cover), consistent CA surplus, and stable currency.  My latest frontier and emerging market recap highlights the appeals of markets such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Egypt, while expressing concerns for markets such as Sri Lanka and Pakistan.  Uzbekistan is a suitable addition given its stable macro/political picture, and the main negative factor of this market is the highly inaccessible nature of the equity market.  The ADTV is less than $100,000, which is a far cry from other frontier markets like Romania, Sri Lanka and Kenya.

2. Business Happenings in the Americas that May Be “Below the Radar” – Week Ending January 17, 2019

Highlights of significant recent happenings include:

In this briefing:

1. EM Active Fund Performance:  Difficult 2018, but Long-Term Outperformance Remains
2. India Banks – NPL Growth Higher at HDFC than Most Others
3. Thyrocare Technologies: All’s Not Well with This Wellness Pathology Leader
4. Inventory Clearance and the Semiconductor Cycle
5. RRG Global Macro Weekly – Dramatic Brexit Defeat A Positive for Markets? We Are Not So Sanguine

1. EM Active Fund Performance:  Difficult 2018, but Long-Term Outperformance Remains

2018 was a year to forget for many active GEM managers. Absolute returns were the worst since 2011 and, relative to the I-Shares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, active funds registered their first average underperformance since 2008.  Here we share some of the key data points on active fund performance for 2018 and over the longer term.

2. India Banks – NPL Growth Higher at HDFC than Most Others

As new data from India’s banks are released, we look to Pillar 3 disclosure and bad loan distribution, in particular. It is also interesting to see with new 3Q19 data, where bad loans are rising the most. Of the India banks that have announced their latest results, HDFC Bank (HDFCB IN) shows some of the highest bad loan growth. Of the five banks with results out thus far, HDFC Bank shows the 2^nd highest rate of growth in non-performing loans (NPLs) YoY at 32%. Peers with growth rates below are at 12-26%. We continue to believe that HDFC Bank is at higher risk than most believe, at least due to its far higher loan growth in recent years – years marked by economic malaise in India.

3. Thyrocare Technologies: All’s Not Well with This Wellness Pathology Leader

• Thyrocare Technologies (THYROCAR IN) is the fourth largest pathology chain in India and derives 54% of revenues from the wellness/preventive segment (Rs60bn market growing at 20% Cagr). Margins in wellness are ~2x that of illness segment.
• It is positioned as the lowest price provider in the market with some of its tests priced at 50-70% discount to peers.
• It enjoys the highest operating margin in the industry with excellent control of reagent and manpower costs.
• However, hyper competition in the wellness segment is pushing down pricing. Pullback in adspends is leading to loss of market share over FY18-1HFY19.
• Two-thirds of its capital is invested in the radiology business that does not have economies of scale. Business is loss-making and a drag on return ratios.
• We expect Revenue and PAT Cagr of 15% and 12% respectively over FY18-21 in the face of intensified competition against 24% and 19% respectively delivered over FY14-18.
• Softer growth coupled with utilization of free-cash from the clinical pathology business into the capital intensive and loss-making radiology business will weigh on stock performance. We value the stock at 22.5x FY20 EPS- at 25% discount to the industry leader Dr Lal Pathlabs (DLPL IN) . Our target price is Rs 494 implying 10% downside.

4. Inventory Clearance and the Semiconductor Cycle

A very normal part of the semiconductor cycle is inventory clearance.  DRAM makers are starting to discuss this in their earnings calls.  What they are NOT telling their investors is how significant this is to the onset of a price collapse, perhaps because they don’t understand it themselves.  This Insight will help readers to learn how and why an inventory clearance helps ratchet a budding oversupply into a full-blown glut.

5. RRG Global Macro Weekly – Dramatic Brexit Defeat A Positive for Markets? We Are Not So Sanguine

The dramatic defeat of PM May’s Brexit arrangement with the EU was seen by the markets as a positive development. Apparently the markets believe that this could result in Britain remaining in the EU.

While we agree this would be good news we consider it unlikely without many more months or years of uncertainty as another referendum is organized and implemented.

Romania: GDP in Q3 grew 4.4% y/y, up from 4.1% in Q2. The country’s economy is doing better than most EU countries.
Brazil: The CPI in Dec rose 3.7%, down from 4.05% in Nov. Lowest rate since May, as prices slowed for food and fuel.
India: The trade deficit in Dec narrowed to $13.1 bn. Exports rose a meager 0.3% and imports fell 2.44%. GDP growth of 7% is expected for this year and next..

In this briefing:

1. Z IN
2. India Equity CY18 Update and Outlook for CY19
3. LNG Producers Outperform as More LNG from the US Is Coming into the Market
4. India: Unimpressive Data on Organised Sector Job Creation
5. Prataap Snacks Ltd – Q2 Results; Will Acquisition of Avadh Snacks Be a Game Changer for Prataap

1. Z IN

In spite of a stellar quarter (Q3 FY19), we remain cautious on Zee Entertainment Enterprises (Z IN) and the prospects of broadcasters in India. Hindi GEC is consolidating, and most of the growth is likely to happen in regional channels which remain competitive. Global data suggests ad spends as a % of revenue for many broadcasters and cable operators has been disrupted and couple of year’s down the line, India should be no exception. Contrary to consensus, driven by millennials and non-affordability of second television, cord cutting in India could accelerate sooner than excepted. With an hyper competitive OTT landscape, uncertainty post TRAI Tariff implementations, in an industry suspect to easy value migration, the long term outlook for Zee Entertainment Enterprises (Z IN) and the broadcast Industry warrants attention. The only near term positive for the stock is the potential stake sale to a strategic partner, which is likely to keep the stock price buoyant but only in the near term.

2. India Equity CY18 Update and Outlook for CY19

Equity markets across emerging countries in 2018 faced significant headwinds primarily due to rising US Fed rates that led to a capital outflow as well as higher commodity prices including crude oil that affected the profitability of companies. India was no exception.

The corporate results in India were a mixed bag. While sales have finally recovered from the impact of demonetization and GST transition, the profitability was impacted due to high commodity prices and rising provisions due to higher bad loans for the banks.

On a positive note though, a number of  things seem to have fallen in place in 2018 like NCLT lead NPA resolution, bank management changes, increased capacity utilization, lower inflation, falling commodity prices. If the same trend were to continue in 2019, we are confident that macros will turn more favorable and improved corporate sales can translate into better earnings growth.  This we believe may augur well for Indian equities.

We examine all these factors in detail

3. LNG Producers Outperform as More LNG from the US Is Coming into the Market

On the back of a growing LNG global trade volume, LNG producers have outperformed the US market and their E&P peers including the oil majors over the last two years. As global LNG production reaches a record 316m tonnes in 2018, a 9.6% increase year on year, new capacity additions set to come online in the next three years will be dominated by the US. This insight will examine how the recent entry of US LNG in the market is transforming the LNG industry and which emerging players are driving the change.

Exhibit 1: LNG Producers Outperform the US Market

4. India: Unimpressive Data on Organised Sector Job Creation

One of the important ongoing debates in the country has been on the topic of Job creation. In the absence of a official household survey, the government has been releasing data on new retirement accounts with EPFO as a proxy for formal sector job creation. That data though is subject to significant limitations and is most likely over-stating job creation currently due to the ongoing tax incentives. That said, even taken at face value, the EPFO data by itself is not suggestive of strong job creation in the economy. The EPFO data at best suggests a total of 8 million jobs being created in the organised sector when the total number of jobs required to be created outside Agriculture is probably 2x of that. Thus, unless a clear assessment of the performance of the unorganised sector can be made, any rigorous assessment of the labour market cannot be made. There is a urgent need for a formal, household survey to assess the labour market. And there is no reason why a country like India cannot commission and successfully execute a survey once a quarter.

5. Prataap Snacks Ltd – Q2 Results; Will Acquisition of Avadh Snacks Be a Game Changer for Prataap

In Q2 of FY19, the company has grown at 10.15% with revenue of INR 2.92 bn. EBITDA was INR 0.24 bn and EBITDA margin stood at 8.4%  down by 167 bps, Net profit stood at 0.113 bn with margins at 3.87% down by 102 bps. Raw materials cost has increased in the first half of the year leading to lower margins. 

The company has acquired 80% in Avadh Snacks, a Gujarat based snacks company for INR1.48 bn, we have discussed the implications in the report.

The stock is currently tradings at its 54x its FY18 EPS (Pre-acquisition) and 42x its FY19 EPS (post-acquisition), we believe the stock is currently overvalued but are positive on the long term prospects of the firm.

In this briefing:

1. Chalet Hotels IPO Review – Backed up into a Corner
2. 2019 Energy Market Themes & Stocks with Exposure: Focus on Oil, Refining, LNG, M&A & Renewables
3. Delhi International Airport: INR90 Billion Investment Planned
4. Monthly Geopolitical Comment: Too Early to Expect Lasting Improvements in US-China Relationship
5. Semiconductor WFE Billings Decline Reverses Course in December, First Bullish Signal in Six Months

1. Chalet Hotels IPO Review – Backed up into a Corner

Chalet Hotels Limited (CHALET IN) is looking to raise up to US$234m in its upcoming IPO.

Chalet Hotels (Chalet) is an owner, developer, and asset manager of luxury hotels. The company has grown its revenue and EBITDA at 15.8% and 22.8% CAGR from FY2016 to FY2018. The growth has been driven by the consistent improvement of its average occupancy rate which in turn drove RevPAR higher.

However, the company is embroiled in litigation with Hindustan Aeronautics (HNAL IN) which could result in the company incurring significant costs. Along with the impending renewal of the licensing agreement in 2020 and 2021, there is much to be worried about the company’s near-term outlook and its highly leveraged balance sheet may leave the company backed up into a corner.

In this insight, we will look at the company financial and operating performance, compare hotels’ operating metrics to the industry average, and compare its valuation to other Indian hotel peers. We will also run the deal through our IPO framework.

2. 2019 Energy Market Themes & Stocks with Exposure: Focus on Oil, Refining, LNG, M&A & Renewables

We examine some of the key drivers of the oil price and on the whole we are relatively bullish as although we see some risk to demand growth forecasts in 2019, in the absence of a recession we think that supply has more room to surprise to the downside. Geopolitics and financial markets will play a huge role in prices. We think that US oil supply growth will be lower y/y in 2019, OPEC+ compliance with cuts will be high and maybe helped by unplanned disruptions and base production will decline more rapidly than forecast. Companies will accelerate the sanctioning of new projects in 2019 and also will increase exploration spending, despite a number of years of poor success rates – overall the trend should be positive for the offshore oil service companies. We expect strong LNG supply growth in 2019 to hit spot pricing but still expect a large number of projects to be sanctioned helping the LNG engineering and construction companies. It will be a very interesting year for the refining industry as new regulations limiting shipping sulphur emissions should lead to a spike in diesel and to some extent gasoline margins towards the end of the year, helping complex refiners. Major oil companies will continue to embrace renewables as investors continue to push for companies to plan for the energy transition.

The main stocks that we come out positive on are Hess Corp (HES US), Valero Energy (VLO US), TechnipFMC PLC (FTI FP), Kosmos Energy (KOS US), Transocean Ltd (RIG US), Golar Lng Ltd (GLNG US) and Galp Energia Sgps Sa (GALP PL).

We are more negative on Cenovus Energy Inc (CVE CN) , Royal Dutch Shell (RDSA LN) , Cheniere Energy (LNG US); Eog Resources (EOG US) and Ecopetrol SA (ECOPETL CB) . 

3. Delhi International Airport: INR90 Billion Investment Planned

Delhi International Airport Limited (0180331D IN) has announced that it will be investing INR90 bn in the busiest aerodrome in India over the next three and a half years. This investment is aimed at boosting the passenger handling capacity up to 100 million passengers per year and is expected to be funded using bank loans and new debt instruments. The investment will affect the bond spreads for the company. Nevertheless, a change in regulations means that new baggage charges can be levied on every flight, putting the company in a better position to generate more cash in the future. We maintain our NEUTRAL recommendation.

4. Monthly Geopolitical Comment: Too Early to Expect Lasting Improvements in US-China Relationship

5. Semiconductor WFE Billings Decline Reverses Course in December, First Bullish Signal in Six Months

On January 24’th 2019, SEMI announced that Wafer Fab Equipment (WFE) billings for North America-based manufacturers of semiconductor equipment amounted to $2.11 billion worldwide in December 2018. This represents an 8.5% MoM increase, although still lower YoY by 12.1%. December’s data marks the reversal of a six month long downtrend in monthly billings, a bullish signal that the WFE segment has bottomed and better times lie ahead. 

This latest billings data coincides with WFE bellwether Lam Research (LRCX US)‘s latest earnings report which slightly exceeded guidance with revenues of $2.5 billion, up 8.7% sequentially. On the call, company executives stated that first quarter CY 2019 would mark the trough from a gross margin perspective, strongly implying that it would be the same for revenues. 

LRCX shares surged 15.7% in overnight trading triggering a rising tide that lifted large swathes of semiconductor stocks, particularly those within the WFE sector. Two swallows don’t necessarily mean it’s Spring, but for now, the markets are betting that it does. 

In this briefing:

1. Business Happenings in the Americas that May Be “Below the Radar” – Week Ending January 17, 2019
2. The Burden of Too Big Government
3. Xiaomi (1810 HK): Dead Money

1. Business Happenings in the Americas that May Be “Below the Radar” – Week Ending January 17, 2019

Highlights of significant recent happenings include:

2. The Burden of Too Big Government

From our very own “Austrian” Leigh Skene:

Wars in old times were made to get slaves. The modern implement of imposing slavery is debt. Ezra Pound

Governments used public sector balance sheets to bail out private financial institutions and assist private companies to emerge from bankruptcy in the GFC. These actions transferred credit risk from the private to the public sector, yet falling nominal interest rates minimised, and in some cases froze, the cost of servicing the mounting government debt until late 2016. Since then, many borrowers have paid rising  interest rates on increasing amounts of debt. Debt service charges are rising faster than nominal GDP in a growing number of nations as a result. It is estimated that the US federal funding requirement will rise from minus US$ 700bn to US$ 2tr in 2022.

3. Xiaomi (1810 HK): Dead Money

Xiaomi Corp (1810 HK)’s shares are around 43% below the IPO price partly due to the recent well-documented selling of shares following the end of a lock-up period. Ultimately, every share has a “right” value and the investors buying into the recent share placement presumably have the view that the shares are attractive at current levels.

In this briefing:

1. Polycab India Limited Pre-IPO – Market Leader with Steady Growth but with a Few Unanswered Question
2. India Policy Rates – Case For A Cut Builds
3. HDFC Bank – Quarterly Credit Deterioration
4. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low
5. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight

1. Polycab India Limited Pre-IPO – Market Leader with Steady Growth but with a Few Unanswered Question

Polycab India (POLY IN) plans to raise around US$280m in its IPO through a mix of selling primary and secondary shares. It is the largest manufacturer of wires and cables in India with a 12% market share, as per CRISIL research. The company has also recently entered the consumer electrical segments. 

Sales growth has been decent while margin expansion has helped the company to report much higher PATMI growth. Although, cash flow from operations has lagged earnings growth as working capital requirements have been volatile. In addition, receivables quality seems to be deteriorating. To add to that the rationale for the dealers and employees rationalization hasn’t been clearly explained.

In this insight, I’ve covered the above points, compared the company to its listed peers and commented on valuations. Should the deal be offered at multiples close to its wires and cables peers, it might still be interesting.

2. India Policy Rates – Case For A Cut Builds

A cut in interest rates is coming. The case is compelling. Headline inflation is easing and is now running well below the RBI’s forecasts. System non-performing loans have peaked while the trade deficit is narrowing meaning the central can afford some largess. Given where real lending rates are and the fragility of the corporate profit cycle, lower policy rates would welcome and a positive of the India growth story. We reiterate our overweight Indian equities call.

3. HDFC Bank – Quarterly Credit Deterioration

The beloved bank reported exceptionally high growth in non-performing assets (NPAs) rising from INR111bn to INR119, from 2Q19 to 3Q19. And this is flattered, as it is after write-offs.  Its doubtful 3 loans, rose by 33% in the quarter. The bank’s additions to NPAs during the period, also increased – a more objective figure, before write-offs. The figure was INR40bn in 1Q19: INR39bn in 2Q19; and rose to INR46bn in 3Q19. This is not data that we expect most analysts to focus on, as much lays hidden in the bank’s Pillar 3 disclosure. The result of deteriorating credit metrics: 21% higher growth in credit costs QoQ and 64% YoY in 3Q19.

4. Global Banks: Why Buy High Into Popular and Fashionable Banks and Markets? Be Contrarian and Buy Low

Trawling through  >1500 global banks, based on the last quarter of reported Balance Sheets, we apply the discipline of the PH Score™ , a value-quality fundamental momentum screen, plus a low RSI screen, and a low Franchise Valuation (FV) screen to deliver our latest rankings for global banks.

While not all of top decile 1 scores are a buy – some are value traps while others maybe somewhat small and obscure and traded sparsely- the bottom decile names should awaken caution. We would be hard pressed to recommend some of the more popular and fashionable names from the bottom decile. Names such as ICICI Bank Ltd (ICICIBC IN) , Credicorp of Peru, Bank Central Asia (BBCA IJ) and Itau Unibanco Holding Sa (ITUB US) are EM favourites. Their share prices have performed well for an extended period and thus carry valuation risk. They represent pricey quality in some cases. They are not priced for disappointment but rather for hope. Are the constituents of the bottom decile not fertile grounds for short sellers?

Why pay top dollar for a bank franchise given risks related to domestic (let alone global) politics and the economy? Some investors and analysts have expressed “inspiration” for developments in Brazil and Argentina. But Brazilian bonds are now trading as if the country is Investment Grade again. (This is relevant for banks especially). Guedes and co. may deliver on pension/social security reform. If so, prices will become even more inflated. But what happens if they don’t deliver on reform? Why pay top dollar for hope given the ramp up in prices already? Argentina is an even more fragile “hope narrative”. More of a “Hope take 2”. Similar to Brazil, bank Franchise Valuations are elevated. While the current account adjustment and easing inflation are to be expected, the political and social scene will be a challenge. LATAM seems to be “hot” again with investment bankers talking of resilience. But resilience is different from valuation. Banks from Chile, Peru, and Colombia feature in the bottom decile too. If an investor wants to be in these markets and desires bank exposure, surely it makes sense to look for the best value on offer. Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores (AVAL CB) may represent one such opportunity.

Our bottom decile rankings feature a great deal of banks from Indonesia. In a promising market such as Indonesia, given bank valuations, one needs to tread extremely carefully to not end up paying over the odds, to not pay for extrapolation. In addition, India is a susceptible jurisdiction for any bank operating there – no bank is “superhuman” and especially not at the prices on offer for the popular private sector “winners”. Saudi Arabia is another market that suddenly became popular last year. We are mindful of valuations and FX.

Does it not make more sense to look at opportunity in the top decile? While some of the names here will be too small or illiquid (mea culpa), there are genuine portfolio candidates. South Korea stands out in the rankings. Woori Bank (WF US) is top of the rankings after a share price plunge related to a stock overhang but this will pass. Hana Financial (086790 KS) , Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK LX) and DGB Financial Group (139130 KS) are portfolio candidates. Elsewhere, Russia and Vietnam rightly feature while Sri Lanka and Pakistan contribute some names despite very real political and macro risks. We would caution on some of the relatively small Chinese names but recommend the big 4 versus EM peers – they are not expensive. In fact some of the big 4 feature in decile 2 of our rankings. There are many Japanese banks here too. And many, like some Chinese lenders, are cheap for a reason. While the technical picture for Japanese banks is bearish, at some stage selective weeding out of opportunity within Japan’s banking sector may be rewarding. The megabanks are certainly not dear. Europe is another matter. Despite valuations, we are cautious on French lenders and on German consolidation narratives – did a merger of 2 weak banks ever deliver shareholder value? The inclusion of two Romanian banks in the top decile is somewhat of a headscratcher. These are perfectly investable opportunities but share prices have been poor of late.

5. Uzbekistan Initiation: Value Hidden in Plain Sight

Uzbekistan’s economy is a frontier market stand out and has a large number of attractive characteristics:

• Uzbekistan’s stock market trades at a substantial discount to other frontier markets, though the extremely illiquid nature of the market makes it hard to trade.  However, there still is foreign interest in the market.
• The IMF projects that the economy will grow by 5% during 2018 and 2019, and eventually reach 6% by 2022, though this is still below its historical high. 
• Market reforms were spearheaded in December 2016 when the newly elected president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev decided to transition towards a market- oriented economy led by private sector growth, as the public sector was unable to create enough jobs.  This represents a significant shift given that Uzbekistan had been a closed, centrally planned economy until 2016.
• Tourist arrivals grew by 91.6% during H1 2018, and this is poised to improve greater in the future due to the impact of the visa liberalization measures.
• Twin deficits have remained under control and Uzbekistan is one of few current account surplus frontier markets.
• Uzbekistan is also very attractive compared to other markets in the frontier space given that its minimum wage is only US$24/month, compared to around $70-75/month in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

The market reforms that the country recently implemented will be a major catalyst for future economic growth and makes investment in this market appealing.  Apart from strong growth, the market is also appealing due to its high foreign exchange reserves ( nearly 2 years of import cover), consistent CA surplus, and stable currency.  My latest frontier and emerging market recap highlights the appeals of markets such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Egypt, while expressing concerns for markets such as Sri Lanka and Pakistan.  Uzbekistan is a suitable addition given its stable macro/political picture, and the main negative factor of this market is the highly inaccessible nature of the equity market.  The ADTV is less than $100,000, which is a far cry from other frontier markets like Romania, Sri Lanka and Kenya.

In this briefing:

1. India Banks – NPL Growth Higher at HDFC than Most Others
2. Thyrocare Technologies: All’s Not Well with This Wellness Pathology Leader
3. Inventory Clearance and the Semiconductor Cycle
4. RRG Global Macro Weekly – Dramatic Brexit Defeat A Positive for Markets? We Are Not So Sanguine
5. Wanted: A 21st Century Monetary Theory

1. India Banks – NPL Growth Higher at HDFC than Most Others

As new data from India’s banks are released, we look to Pillar 3 disclosure and bad loan distribution, in particular. It is also interesting to see with new 3Q19 data, where bad loans are rising the most. Of the India banks that have announced their latest results, HDFC Bank (HDFCB IN) shows some of the highest bad loan growth. Of the five banks with results out thus far, HDFC Bank shows the 2^nd highest rate of growth in non-performing loans (NPLs) YoY at 32%. Peers with growth rates below are at 12-26%. We continue to believe that HDFC Bank is at higher risk than most believe, at least due to its far higher loan growth in recent years – years marked by economic malaise in India.

2. Thyrocare Technologies: All’s Not Well with This Wellness Pathology Leader

• Thyrocare Technologies (THYROCAR IN) is the fourth largest pathology chain in India and derives 54% of revenues from the wellness/preventive segment (Rs60bn market growing at 20% Cagr). Margins in wellness are ~2x that of illness segment.
• It is positioned as the lowest price provider in the market with some of its tests priced at 50-70% discount to peers.
• It enjoys the highest operating margin in the industry with excellent control of reagent and manpower costs.
• However, hyper competition in the wellness segment is pushing down pricing. Pullback in adspends is leading to loss of market share over FY18-1HFY19.
• Two-thirds of its capital is invested in the radiology business that does not have economies of scale. Business is loss-making and a drag on return ratios.
• We expect Revenue and PAT Cagr of 15% and 12% respectively over FY18-21 in the face of intensified competition against 24% and 19% respectively delivered over FY14-18.
• Softer growth coupled with utilization of free-cash from the clinical pathology business into the capital intensive and loss-making radiology business will weigh on stock performance. We value the stock at 22.5x FY20 EPS- at 25% discount to the industry leader Dr Lal Pathlabs (DLPL IN) . Our target price is Rs 494 implying 10% downside.

3. Inventory Clearance and the Semiconductor Cycle

A very normal part of the semiconductor cycle is inventory clearance.  DRAM makers are starting to discuss this in their earnings calls.  What they are NOT telling their investors is how significant this is to the onset of a price collapse, perhaps because they don’t understand it themselves.  This Insight will help readers to learn how and why an inventory clearance helps ratchet a budding oversupply into a full-blown glut.

4. RRG Global Macro Weekly – Dramatic Brexit Defeat A Positive for Markets? We Are Not So Sanguine

The dramatic defeat of PM May’s Brexit arrangement with the EU was seen by the markets as a positive development. Apparently the markets believe that this could result in Britain remaining in the EU.

While we agree this would be good news we consider it unlikely without many more months or years of uncertainty as another referendum is organized and implemented.

Romania: GDP in Q3 grew 4.4% y/y, up from 4.1% in Q2. The country’s economy is doing better than most EU countries.
Brazil: The CPI in Dec rose 3.7%, down from 4.05% in Nov. Lowest rate since May, as prices slowed for food and fuel.
India: The trade deficit in Dec narrowed to $13.1 bn. Exports rose a meager 0.3% and imports fell 2.44%. GDP growth of 7% is expected for this year and next..

5. Wanted: A 21st Century Monetary Theory

The globe is facing more than an ordinary business cycle.

Joseph C. Sternberg, editorial-page editor and European political-economy columnist for the Wall Street Journal’s European edition, recently interviewed Claudio Borio, head of the Monetaryand Economic Department of the BIS. Mr. Borio said that politicians have relied far too much on central banks, which are constrained by economic theories that offer little meaningful guidance on how to sustain growth and financial stability. The only tool they have is an interest rate that can affect output in the short run but ends up affecting only inflation in the end.

In this briefing:

1. India Equity CY18 Update and Outlook for CY19
2. LNG Producers Outperform as More LNG from the US Is Coming into the Market
3. India: Unimpressive Data on Organised Sector Job Creation
4. Prataap Snacks Ltd – Q2 Results; Will Acquisition of Avadh Snacks Be a Game Changer for Prataap
5. EM Active Fund Performance:  Difficult 2018, but Long-Term Outperformance Remains

1. India Equity CY18 Update and Outlook for CY19

Equity markets across emerging countries in 2018 faced significant headwinds primarily due to rising US Fed rates that led to a capital outflow as well as higher commodity prices including crude oil that affected the profitability of companies. India was no exception.

The corporate results in India were a mixed bag. While sales have finally recovered from the impact of demonetization and GST transition, the profitability was impacted due to high commodity prices and rising provisions due to higher bad loans for the banks.

On a positive note though, a number of  things seem to have fallen in place in 2018 like NCLT lead NPA resolution, bank management changes, increased capacity utilization, lower inflation, falling commodity prices. If the same trend were to continue in 2019, we are confident that macros will turn more favorable and improved corporate sales can translate into better earnings growth.  This we believe may augur well for Indian equities.

We examine all these factors in detail

2. LNG Producers Outperform as More LNG from the US Is Coming into the Market

On the back of a growing LNG global trade volume, LNG producers have outperformed the US market and their E&P peers including the oil majors over the last two years. As global LNG production reaches a record 316m tonnes in 2018, a 9.6% increase year on year, new capacity additions set to come online in the next three years will be dominated by the US. This insight will examine how the recent entry of US LNG in the market is transforming the LNG industry and which emerging players are driving the change.

Exhibit 1: LNG Producers Outperform the US Market

3. India: Unimpressive Data on Organised Sector Job Creation

One of the important ongoing debates in the country has been on the topic of Job creation. In the absence of a official household survey, the government has been releasing data on new retirement accounts with EPFO as a proxy for formal sector job creation. That data though is subject to significant limitations and is most likely over-stating job creation currently due to the ongoing tax incentives. That said, even taken at face value, the EPFO data by itself is not suggestive of strong job creation in the economy. The EPFO data at best suggests a total of 8 million jobs being created in the organised sector when the total number of jobs required to be created outside Agriculture is probably 2x of that. Thus, unless a clear assessment of the performance of the unorganised sector can be made, any rigorous assessment of the labour market cannot be made. There is a urgent need for a formal, household survey to assess the labour market. And there is no reason why a country like India cannot commission and successfully execute a survey once a quarter.

4. Prataap Snacks Ltd – Q2 Results; Will Acquisition of Avadh Snacks Be a Game Changer for Prataap

In Q2 of FY19, the company has grown at 10.15% with revenue of INR 2.92 bn. EBITDA was INR 0.24 bn and EBITDA margin stood at 8.4%  down by 167 bps, Net profit stood at 0.113 bn with margins at 3.87% down by 102 bps. Raw materials cost has increased in the first half of the year leading to lower margins. 

The company has acquired 80% in Avadh Snacks, a Gujarat based snacks company for INR1.48 bn, we have discussed the implications in the report.

The stock is currently tradings at its 54x its FY18 EPS (Pre-acquisition) and 42x its FY19 EPS (post-acquisition), we believe the stock is currently overvalued but are positive on the long term prospects of the firm.

5. EM Active Fund Performance:  Difficult 2018, but Long-Term Outperformance Remains

2018 was a year to forget for many active GEM managers. Absolute returns were the worst since 2011 and, relative to the I-Shares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, active funds registered their first average underperformance since 2008.  Here we share some of the key data points on active fund performance for 2018 and over the longer term.